BJU Physical Science Chapter 17

examples of periodic motion

1) position of a comet orbiting the sun

2) swing of a pendulum clock

3) movement of the moon around the earth

When is the potential energy of a spring system in motion at its maximum?

when the spring is stretched to its greatest displacement

When an oscillating spring system reaches its equilibrium position, what happens?

the kinetic energy is at its maximum

When does the mass in a moving spring system have no velocity?

when the kinetic energy of the system reaches zero

How many times will the mass pass through the rest position in two cycles of its motion if a spring system is compressed and released?

4

amplitude

the maximum displacement of a spring from its equilibrium position

damping

a force that intentionally works against the motion

What does a wave carry from one location to another?

energy

Three facts about mechanical waves

1) can move through liquids and gases

2) carry energy by disturbing the matter of a physical medium

3) examples: sound wave and water waves

What type of wave transfers more energy?

waves with larger amplitudes

What type of wave can travel down a string?

transverse wave

in a transverse wave, how does the disruption move related to the direction of wave travel?

perpendicular

What happens when a wave arrives at a surface?

reflection, refraction, or diffraction

What happens after two waves collide?

they move on unaffected by each other

which parts of a standing wave appear to have no movement?

nodes

Why does an ambulance seem to have a higher pitch as it approaches and a lower pitch as it moves away?

Doppler effect

doppler effect

A change in sound frequency caused by motion of the sound source, motion of the listener, or both.

restoring force

any force that always acts to pull a system back toward equilibrium

what happens to the matter after a wave has passed?

it remains in its original position

What type of wave can travel without matter involved?

electromagnetic waves

pitch

how the frequency of a sound is perceived

amplitude

crest

high point of a wave

equilibrium position

trough

wave height

vertical distance between crest and trough

wavelength

The distance between two corresponding parts of a wave

compression

The part of a longitudinal wave where the particles of the medium are close together.

diffraction

The bending of a wave as it moves around an obstacle or passes through a narrow opening

interference

the combination of two or more waves that results in a single wave

rarefaction

a part in a longitudinal wave where the particles are spread apart

reflection

The bouncing back of a wave when it hits a surface through which it cannot pass.

refraction

the bending of a wave as it enters a new medium at an angle

resonance

when the force causes an object to vibrate at greater amplitudes