Exam 4, Part 2: Electrolytes and pH

the main force that causes filtration in the nephron is

glomerular hydrostatic pressure

blood colloid osmotic pressure is generated by

presence of plasma proteins in the blood plasma

Lymphatic fluid is full of

Na, sodium

Bicarbonate ions bind to _____ creating carbonic acid. This is carried to the lungs and splits again into water and ______ which we exhale

H+, CO2

what does not increase the release of renin

increased blood volume

tubular reabsorption involves all the following

-cotransport

-active transport

-facilitated diffusion

-counter transport

The majority of water is reabsorbed by osmosis in the

proximal convoluted tubule

the majority of cotransporters and counter transporters are linked to the reabsorption of what ion

sodium

ICF is only found within

cells of the body

what hormone plays a central role in determine the rate of sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion

aldosterone

the primary role of the carbonic acid bicarbonate buffer system is to

buffer carbonic acid formed by carbon dioxide

Hypoventilation leads to

respiratory acidosis

Fluid balance involves the relationship between _____ and _____

Sodium, water

How does electrolyte balance keep osmolarity stable

By adjusting the fluid in the extracellular compartment

What are the two compartments of body fluids

intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid

what is a buffer

a substance that opposes a change in pH in a solution and can either remove or replace hydrogen ions

a volatile acid and produced from the combination of carbon dioxide and water

carbonic acid

Most of the total fluid in the body is

Intracellular fluid (approx. 63%)

ECF has HIGH concentrations of

sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate ions

ECF has LOW concentrations of

Potassium, magnesium,and phosphate ions

ICF has LOW concentrations of

sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate ions

ICF has HIGH concentrations of

Potassium, magnesium,and phosphate ions

Hydrostatic pressure drivers fluid out of the ______and into the ______

ECF, ICF

osmotic pressure drivers fluid out of the ______and into the ______

ICF, ECF

Dehydration is when

Water loss is greater than water gain... hypertonic

overhydration is when

The fluid flows into the ICF and the cell fills with fluid.... Hypotonic

What is the most abundant cation in the ECF

Na+ (sodium)

What is the most abundant cation in the ICF

K+ (potassium)

if Na+ in ECF increases, what happens to blood osmolarity

It increases

if Na+ in ECF decreases, what happens to blood osmolarity

It decreases

High potassium concentration is called

Hyperkalemia

What factors affect the rate of K+ secretion into urine

Changes in K+ concentration of ECF, aldosterone levels, and pH changes

A low blood pH is

Acidic

What happens when H+ ions are exchanged for Na+ in the DCT instead of K+ ?

It makes us acidic

What factors affect our acidity

H+ and CO2

When plasma pH is <7.3, it is called

Acidosis

When plasma pH is >7.4, it is called

Alkalosis

What systems are important in pH control

Buffer systems, respiratory system, and the urinary system

types of buffering systems

1. Phosphate buffer system

2. Protein buffer system

3. Carbonic acid-bicarbonate bugger system

What is the most important buffer system in the ECF

carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system

What is hypercapnia?

elevated carbon dioxide levels

What is metabolic acidosis?

When cells are producing large numbers of metabolic acids... involving H+ ions

Hypercapnia is primarily caused by

Hypoventilation

What is respiratory acidosis?

When the respiratory system cannot correctly eliminate the CO2 generated by tissues... involving PCO2