Review from KAT

What are the presumptive signs of pregnancy?

Amenorrhea, nausea and vomiting, increased urinary frequency, excessive fatigue, breast tenderness, quickening at 18-20 weeks.

What are the probable signs of pregnancy?

Goodell's sign, Chadwick's sign, Hegar's sign, uterine enlargement, Braxton Hicks contractions, uterine souffle, integumentary pigment changes, ballottement, positive pregnancy test.

What does G, T, P, A, L stand for in obstetrics?

G - total pregnancies, T - full term births >37 weeks, P - pre-term births (20-36 weeks), A - abortions & miscarriages < 20 weeks, L - living children.

What is the significance of pregnancies after age 35?

Considered high risk due to diminished egg quality, increased risk of pregnancy-related complications, and preexisting health conditions.

What defines the 1st trimester of pregnancy?

From conception to 12 weeks.

What defines the 2nd trimester of pregnancy?

From 13 to 27 weeks.

What defines the 3rd trimester of pregnancy?

From 28 weeks to 40 weeks.

When should the first prenatal visit occur?

Within the first 12 weeks.

What is the schedule for prenatal visits after the first visit?

Monthly visits from weeks 16 to 28, every 2 weeks from 29 to 36 weeks, and every week from 36 weeks until birth.

What are the characteristics of contractions classified as mild, moderate, and strong?

Mild - nose, moderate - chin, strong - forehead.

What is oligohydramnios?

A condition of low amniotic fluid leading to cord compression.

What is a hydatidiform mole?

A type of gestational trophoblastic disease that can lead to cancer; requires monitoring of hCG levels and birth control for one year.

What is the treatment for GBS+ before delivery?

Amoxicillin, not needed for C-section, penicillin, and ampicillin.

What characterizes hypertensive disorders in pregnancy?

Hypertensive - no proteinuria; preeclampsia - +1 protein, headaches, swollen feet; eclampsia - +3 protein, seizures.

What does HELLP syndrome stand for?

Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes (ALT and AST), low platelets.

What is magnesium toxicity in pregnancy?

Respiratory depression, diminished deep tendon reflexes, cognitive impairment.

What percentage of people in the U.S. were insured through an employer in 2015?

49%.

What percentage of people in the U.S. were uninsured in 2015?

9%.

At 12 weeks, where is the fundus located?

At the level of the symphysis pubis.

At 16 weeks, where is the fundus located?

Midway between the symphysis pubis and umbilicus.

At 20 weeks, where is the fundus located?

At the level of the umbilicus.

What is the purpose of Calcium Gluconate?

To cure certain conditions.

What is the first step in Leopold's maneuvers?

Start at the top of the fundus.

What position is indicated by Left Occipital Anterior?

Fetal position during delivery.

What is a biophysical profile score of 8-10 indicative of?

Normal fetal well-being.

What does a Bishop score of 8 indicate?

The cervix is ready for induction.

What are the signs of amniotic fluid embolism?

Cyanosis, decreased respiratory rate, and decreased fetal heart rate.

What are the four P's of labor?

Passenger, Passageway, Powers, Position.

What is the significance of ischial spines in fetal station?

They are considered the zero point.

What are the types of breech presentations?

Complete, footing, frank.

What is the turtle sign indicative of?

Shoulder dystocia.

What are the stages of labor?

1st stage: Latency, Active, Transition; 2nd stage: Baby push; 3rd stage: Placenta; 4th stage: Recovery.

What medications are used for cervical ripening?

Misoprostol and Dinoprostone.

What are the risks associated with epidurals?

Hypotension, fall risk, allergic reaction, hemorrhage.

What is the definition of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH)?

Soaking a pad in 15 minutes.

What are the signs of postpartum blues?

Quick mood changes, periods of sadness, anxiety.

What is the Apgar score range for normal newborns?

7-10.

What is the purpose of erythromycin eye ointment for newborns?

To prevent STD eye infections.

What does a bulging fontanelle indicate?

Increased intracranial pressure (ICP) or infection.

What is the normal respiratory rate for newborns?

30-60 breaths per minute.

What are the signs of adequate breastfeeding?

Weight gain, 6-8 wet diapers, content baby.

What is the treatment for gonorrhea?

Rocephin/Cefotaxime.

What are the signs of endometriosis?

Abnormal bleeding, rectal pain, intercourse pain, abdominal pain.

What is the emergency contraceptive pill?

The morning-after pill.

What are the alert signs to report for oral contraceptives?

Abdominal pain, chest pain, headache, eye problems, severe leg pain.

What is the role of Lupron in breast cancer treatment?

It shuts down ovarian function to reduce estrogen production.

What is the definition of infertility for women over 35?

Lack of pregnancy after 6 months.

What is the purpose of a Pap smear?

To screen for cervical cancer.

What is the significance of basal body temperature monitoring?

To monitor ovulation.

What is the normal appearance of lochia rubra?

Bright red blood for 1-3 days postpartum.

What are the signs of neonatal abstinence syndrome?

Tremors, high-pitched cry, hyperirritability, tachypnea, vomiting.

What is the treatment for yeast infections?

Fluconazole or OTC miconazole.

What is the significance of the New Ballard Score?

To assess neuromuscular and physical maturity of newborns.

What is the recommended sleeping position for infants?

Flat on their back.

What are the signs of hyperbilirubinemia in newborns?

Jaundice, requiring monitoring to avoid kernicterus.

What is the purpose of skin-to-skin contact (kangaroo care)?

To promote bonding and regulate the infant's temperature.

What is the normal stomach capacity for a newborn at 1 week?

45-60 mL.

What is the treatment for trichomonas infection?

Metronidazole.

What is the significance of the 3 H's of cold stress?

Hypothermia, hypoxia, hypoglycemia.

What are the common symptoms of postpartum depression?

Prolonged sadness, inability to care for self or baby, feelings of helplessness.

What is the definition of a preterm infant?

An infant born before 37 weeks of gestation.

What is the treatment for hyperglycemia in newborns?

Feeding within the first hour and monitoring glucose levels.