Unit 2 Anti-infectives and Antibiotics Review

Flashcards covering the principles of antibiotics, specific drug classes like Penicillians and Tetracyclines, side effects like suprainfections and anaphylaxis, and symptoms of UTIs.

What are the general principles regarding the DNA of microorganisms and antibiotic use?

The DNA of microorganisms change and we develop new antibiotics; drugs should be taken exactly as directed for the full course.

What is the difference between broad spectrum and narrow spectrum drugs?

Broad spectrum kills or treats many different things related to the sensitivity of the microorganism, whereas narrow spectrum drugs do not affect a lot of bacteria and only a few bacteria will be sensitive.

Compare bactericidal action and bacteriostatic action.

Bactericidal action is when the antibiotic goes into the body and kills the bacteria directly. Bacteriostatic action is when the antibiotic prevents bacteria from multiplying and slows growth, allowing the immune system to kill the bacteria.

What is the purpose of a culture in antibiotic treatment?

A sample where antibiotics are dropped to identify the organism, which helps reduce antibiotic resistance.

What precaution should be taken regarding contraceptives while on antibiotics?

Always use a different type of contraceptives.

What is a suprainfection and what are the types mentioned?

A secondary infection caused by an antibiotic eliminating normal flora, commonly affecting people on broad spectrum antibiotics. Types include CDiFF, Oral Thrush, and yeast infection.

What are the symptoms and precautions for CDiFF?

Symptoms include foul smelling diarrhea, severe abd cramps, and bloody stool. Precautions include contact precautions and washing hands with soap and water.

What are the symptoms of oral thrush and yeast infections?

Oral thrush involves white patches of plague oo Tovage or mouth and black furry overgrowth. Yeast infections involve vaginal pain, itching, burning, and thick cottage cheese discharge.

How do lifespan considerations affect drug toxicity?

Geriatrics have reduced metabolism/excretion. Pediatrics have immature kidneys/liver and are proce to toxicity due to decreased metabolism/excretion.

What are the signs and symptoms of Anaphylaxis?

Airway closing, SoB, wheezing, gasping, can't talk, hives, hypotension, Hr spike, tachycardia, blue lips, and swelling.

What is the protocol for treating anaphylaxis in the hospital versus at home?

In the hospital: stop infusion and give epi. At home: call all imeaditly and use epipen if can.

What is the relationship between Penicillians and Cephalosporins regarding allergies?

If a patient is allergic to penicillin, they should avoid Cephalosporins.

What should be monitored for renal impairment when taking penicillians?

Monitor $BUN$, Creatinine, fluid output, and the color, clarity, and odor of write.

What occurs when alcohol is consumed with penicillians?

It can cause a disulphoric reaction with signs of nausea, vomiting, and headache.

What are the indications for Vancomycin and what should be monitored?

IV is for very serious systemic infections; PO is for CDiFF. Monitor for tinitis and nephrotoxicity (Big ears, Big Kidneys) and check trough levels to help dose medications.

What are the symptoms of Reedmen syndrome?

Itching, dizziness, and tachycardia.

What are the side effects and dietary restrictions for Tetracycline (tetracyclids)?

Can cause GI discomfort or esophageal ulcers; avoid spicy foods, milk, taking at bedtime, or lying down. It also causes tooth discoloration and photosensitivity.

What are the signs of hepatotoxicity to monitor while on Tetracycline?

Check $AST/Ard$, jaundice, confusion, nausea/vomiting, clay colored stool, and abdomen distention.

What symptoms are associated with a urinary tract infection (UTI)?

Dysuria (burning w/ urination), urinary frequency, urinary urgency, bacteriuria (presence of bacteria), and hematuria (blood in urine).