ADMET Overview

30 fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering key concepts of ADMET related to drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, and pharmacokinetics.

Drugs go through the process of __, Distribution, Metabolism, Elimination, and Toxicology.

ADMET

The __ phase concerns the study of parameters that control the journey of drug from point of administration to its point of action.

Pharmacokinetic (PK)

The __ of a drug determines its interactions with enzymes, receptors, or other molecules in the body.

Drug Action

The pharmacokinetic phase includes absorption, distribution, metabolism, and __.

Elimination

The major mechanism involved in oral absorption of drugs is __ diffusion.

Passive

During first-pass metabolism, a large fraction of the dose is absorbed into the __ vein blood flow.

Portal

LogP affects drug __ and absorption.

Solubility

A drug’s __ affects its ability to cross cell membranes.

Degree of ionization

The ideal pH environment for a drug's ionization will determine its __ in the body.

Solubility

An increase in drug concentration in the blood can affect drug __.

Pharmacological activity

The degree a drug penetrates the blood-brain barrier is influenced by its __.

LogP value

Fatty foods impact gastric emptying time, which can slow __.

Drug absorption

First-pass metabolism typically occurs in the __.

Liver

Pharmacodynamic phase relates to the __ nature of the relationship between drug and its target.

Chemical

Membrane permeability is significantly affected by the drug's __.

Lipid/water solubility

The __ pathway contributes minimally to drug distribution compared to circulatory blood.

Lymphatic system

Drugs that bypass first-pass metabolism can provide __ efficacy.

Enhanced

One common route of drug administration is __, which allows for quick absorption.

Intravenous

A neutral compound is more likely to be __ through membranes than a charged compound.

Absorbed

Log P is a logarithm of the partition coefficient, expressed as log of concentration of drug in __ over concentration of drug in water.

Octanol

Hydrophobic interactions often dictate a drug’s ability to __ across lipid membranes.

Permeate

Oral absorption ideally requires a balance of drug solubility and membrane __.

Permeability

A drug's ability to bind to __ can determine its pharmacokinetic profile.

Plasma proteins

The __ is the most concentrated serum protein that binds acidic and neutral drugs.

Serum Albumin

Drug metabolism primarily occurs in the __.

Liver

Renal clearance is the primary route for the elimination of drugs and __.

Metabolites

An example of a non-oral route is __ administration, which typically avoids first-pass metabolism.

Topical

The mechanism of drug elimination includes both metabolism and __.

Excretion

A major concern in drug development is the formation of __ metabolites during metabolism.

Toxic

A drug's __ can substantially influence its distribution and efficacy in target tissues.

Concentration

Hydrophilic drugs are generally better absorbed in an __ environment.

Aqueous

By the end of their course, most drugs are __ before being excreted from the body.

Metabolized