AP 2 practical 2 questions

pulmonary ventilation

movement of air into and out of the lungs

respiratory rate

number of breaths per minute

tidal volume

amount of air inhaled and exhaled with each breath without extra effort applied

expiratory reserve volume

maximal amount of air you can exhale after a normal exhalation

vital capacity

total volume of air that can be forcibly expelled from the lungs after a maximum inhalation

spirometer

tool that measures the volume of air inspired and expired by the lungs

inspiratory reserve volume

maximal amount of air you can inhale after a normal inhalation

urochrome

yellow pigment in urine from hemoglobin breakdown

glycosuria

glucose in the urine

bilirubinuria

bile pigments and bilibrunin in urine

ketonuria

ketones in the urine

hematuria (DM)

erythrocytes or hemoglobin in urine

proteinuria

proteins in urine

pyuria

elevated leukocytes in urine

renal calculi

medical term for kidney stones

leukocytes, proteins, ph, blood

what does urinalysis test for?

amylase

breaks down starch into sugars

lipase

breaks down lipids into monoglycerides and free fatty acids

proteases

break down proteins into amino acids

aminopeptidases

cleaves amino acids from the amine end

carboxypeptidases

cleave amino acids from carboxyl end

pepsin

cleaves polypeptides between tyrosine and phynylamine amino acids

amylase

break down of starch

black

positive iodine test

yellow

negative iodine test

iodine (positive black, negative yellow)

what test tests for the break down of starch

benedicts (positive= green (trace), yellow (mod), red (very); negative = blue)

what test tests for the presence of sugars

protease (positive= yellow, negative = clear)

what test tests for protein digestion