Urinary System and Kidney Anatomy

A set of flashcards covering the components, functions, structure, and species-specific differences of the urinary system.

What organs constitute the urinary system?

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra

How is the kidney classified as an organ?

A paired parenchymatous organ.

What are the primary functions of the kidney?

urine formation, waste excretion, and water and electrolyte balance

What is the outer layer of the kidney called?

Cortex

What is the inner layer of the kidney called?

Medulla

Which structures are contained within the renal hilus?

renal artery, renal vein, ureter, nerves, and lymphatics

What is the structural and functional unit of the kidney responsible for urine formation?

Nephron

What is the unique external characteristic of a cow's kidney?

externally lobulated

Describe the shapes of the horse's kidneys.

The right kidney is heart-shaped and the left kidney is bean-shaped.

How are the kidneys of a dog described?

smooth bean-shaped kidneys

What components provide innervation to the kidney?

renal plexus, sympathetic nerves, and parasympathetic nerves

What vessels provide the blood supply to the kidney?

renal artery and renal vein