ancient history 7

What kingdoms grew during the end of the Bronze Age?

Hittites and Assyrian kingdoms

What event marked the end of internationalism in the Bronze Age?

Raids by groups of Sea Peoples

What was the time period of the Zenith of Hittite Power?

1344-1180 BCE

Who was the founder of the new Hittite dynasty?

Tudhaliya I

Which tribes attacked the north during the Hittite Empire's expansion?

Kaska tribes

Who overthrew and killed his brother to gain power in the Hittite Empire?

Suppiluliuma I

What city did the Hittites capture from Egypt?

Qadesh

What was the outcome of the battle for Qadesh in 1275 BCE?

Often called a draw, but really a Hittite victory

Who was the most successful and influential Hittite king?

Hattusili III

What was the primary agricultural product of Hittite communities?

Barley and emmer wheat

What role did the king hold in Hittite religion?

High priest of all the gods

What language was primarily used in Hittite writing?

Akkadian or Hittite (Neshite)

What was the main rival of Egypt during the late Bronze Age?

Hatti

Who was the second king of the 20th Dynasty of Egypt?

Ramesses III

What led to the decline of Egyptian power around 1140 BCE?

Loss of control over Canaan and internal corruption

What was the last king of the Hittite Empire?

Suppiluliuma II

What caused the collapse of Bronze Age societies in the Eastern Mediterranean?

Food shortages and rebellions of vassal states

What significant event occurred in 1200 BCE regarding the Mycenaean kingdoms?

Many sites were destroyed or abandoned

What was the result of the Sea Peoples' invasion in 1209 BCE?

Libyan tribes invaded the Delta

What was the primary reason for the Hittite Empire's collapse?

Food shortages and vassal rebellions

What was the cultural legacy of the Hittites after their collapse?

Hittite culture influenced small kingdoms like Carchemish

What type of government did Hittite society have?

Localized self-government

What was the role of women in Hittite society?

Often physicians and magical healers

What was the significance of the Harris Papyrus?

Recorded the piety and benefactions of Ramesses III

What was the main agricultural product that saw a price increase leading to strikes in Egypt?

Emmer wheat

What was the Hittite capital city?

Hattusa

What major construction projects did Ramesses II undertake?

Temple of Amun at Karnak and Abu Simbel

What was the primary cause of the decline in Nile floods during Ramesses III's reign?

Environmental changes

Who crushed the first raid of the Hittites?

Tushratta and the Mitannians

What was the result of the second Hittite raid?

Successful, known as the First Syrian War

What happened during the second Syrian war?

Sup captures Washukanni, Tushratta flees and is later murdered

What did Sup create to commemorate the war?

A piece of writing

What city did the Hittites march to in Syria?

Kadesh

Which city did the Hittites likely capture and burn?

Qatna

What significant letter did Sup receive during the siege of Carchemish?

A letter from the Queen of Egypt

Who were the possible queens mentioned in the letter to Sup?

Nefertiti or Ankhsenamun

Who was the king that died, possibly leading to the letter from the Queen of Egypt?

Akhenaten or Tutankhamun

What was the outcome of the Hittite prince's journey to Egypt?

He was murdered on his way

What caused the end of Suppiluliuma's reign?

He declared war against the Egyptians and contracted the plague

Who succeeded Suppiluliuma?

Arnuwanda II

What was the significance of the treaty between Hattusili III and Ramses II?

Considered the world's first peace treaty

What did the Sausgamuwa Treaty Tablet signify?

A treaty signed by Tudhaliya IV and Sausgamuwa of Amurru

What major event occurred around 1200 BCE?

The collapse of several civilizations, including the Hittites

What were the Sea Peoples originally blamed for?

The collapse of civilizations

What did the drought in the Levant and Cyprus contribute to?

The collapse of the Late Bronze Age civilizations

What was the impact of the climate change around 1200 BCE?

Caused famine and societal collapse

What did the Egyptians do to combat drought?

Interbred their cattle to make them more resistant

Who was the last king of Ugarit?

Ammurapi

What happened to the city of Ugarit after it was abandoned?

It remained unoccupied for the next 400 years

What does the term 'Third Intermediate Period' refer to?

A time of economic and social difficulties in Egypt

Who was the last ruler of the 20th Dynasty in Egypt?

Ramses XI

Who was the first king of the 21st Dynasty?

Nesbanebdjed

Where was the new capital established during the 21st Dynasty?

Tanis

With whom did the kings share power in Thebes?

Army generals

What type of government was present in the 21st Dynasty?

Theocracy

Which gods were worshipped in the theocracy of the 21st Dynasty?

Amun, Mut, and Khons

What became more common during the 21st Dynasty?

Tomb robbery

What does the unrobbed tomb of Psusennes I show?

Great wealth of the pharaoh

Who started the 22nd Dynasty in 943 BCE?

Sheshonq I

Where did Sheshonq I come from?

Bubastis

How long did the Libyan pharaohs rule Egypt?

200 years

What happened to royal authority in 828 BCE?

It splintered

From where did the 22nd, 23rd, and 24th dynasties rule?

Leontopolis

What power began to rise during the 22nd Dynasty?

Nubian power

What title did Kashta adopt?

King of Upper and Lower Egypt

Who started the 25th (Nubian) Dynasty?

Piye

What did Tefnakht threaten in 728 BCE?

Herakleopolis

What cultural model did Tefnakht use?

Old Kingdom

What was the height of the 25th Dynasty associated with?

Shabaqo, Shabitqo, and Taharqa

What was emphasized under the 26th Dynasty?

Amun-Re

What type of government characterized the 26th Dynasty?

Military dictatorship

What change occurred in Egyptian script during this period?

Hieratic script became more common

Who was King Nebuchadnezzar I?

A Babylonian king who sacked Susa

What happened to Meso. power after Nebuchadnezzar I?

It declined

Who conducted violent raids in Mesopotamia during 1000-900 BCE?

The Arameans and the Chaldeans

What did the Arameans not do?

Remain seminomadic tribes.

What caused food shortages and inflation in the region?

Drought, famine, and hunger.

When were Elamite towns abandoned?

Around 1100 BCE.

What problems are reflected in the Epic of Erra?

The return to normalcy.

What significant religious development occurred during this period?

The elevation of Marduk.

What is the Enuma Elish?

A creation myth that was created during this time.

Who was the king that led Assyria to triumph from 1114-1076 BCE?

Tiglath Pileser I.

What happened in 930 BCE regarding Ashur-dan II?

He re-established Assyrian presence in Upper Meso.

What did Adad-Nirari II claim to have conquered?

All of Babylonia.

What significant battle occurred in 853 BCE?

The Battle of Qarqar in Syria.

Who led the Levant army against the Assyrian advance?

The king of Damascus supported by Irhuleni of Hamath.

What was the outcome of the Battle of Qarqar?

Shalmaneser III claimed victory.

Which Phoenician cities came under Assyrian control by 841 BCE?

Tyre and Sidon.

Who assassinated Hasadezer in 845 BCE?

Hazael, a usurper.

What was the capital of the Kingdom of Urartu?

Tushpa.

What language was used in Urartu?

Urartuan language.

What was the main deity worshiped in Urartu?

Haldi.

What did the Phrygians enter in the 12th century BCE?

Anatolia.

What was the principal religious center of Phrygia?

Midas City.

What language family is the Phrygian language related to?

Indo-European.

Who were the principal deities in the Neo-Hittite states?

Tarhunza and Kubaba.

What was the main trade route in Moab?

King's Highway.

What were the Philistines known for?

Being persistent enemies of the Israelites.

What was the capital of Ammon?

Rabbath-Ammon.

What did the Hebrews reportedly do when fleeing Egypt?

Left without the pharaoh's knowledge.