Chem exam 1

Kinetics

Speed of Reaction; Steps of a reaction

Equilibrium

The extent of a reaction; ratio of products to reactants

Small K

Far more reactants than products

Intermediate K

Similar amount of reactants and products

Large K

Far more products than reactants

Keq

Equilibrium constant” generic term for any K-Value

Kc

Equilibrium constant based on concentrations

Kp

Equilibrium constant based on pressures

Le chateliers principle

When a chemical system at equilibrium is disturbed, it re-establishes equilibrium by undergoing a net reaction that reduces the effect of the distrubance

Autoionization of Water

Water Naturally dissociates into ions

Organic Bases

Compounds made with carbon and nitrogen. Almost all organic compounds that contain nitrogen are weak bases

Poly protein Acid

Able to donate or give more than one proton

Acid base indicator

Substance whose colour is used to monitor the equivalence point of a neutralization process

Proton donor

Bronsted Lowry acid

Proton acceptor

Bronsted Lowry base

Adduct

New substance formed from the combination of a Lewis acid and base

Neutralization

Reaction in which solutions of acid and Base are added until the pH=7

Equilibrium

Reaction rates for the forward and reverse reaction are the same

PH

Negative logarithm of [H3O+]

Polyprotic

Able to lose mora than one proton

Le chateliers principle

A reaction will adjust to minimize the effect of a disturbance from equilobrium

Mass action expression

Ratio of the products verse reactants raised to the power of their balancing coefficient

Forward is favoured by

Adding reactants, decreasing the temp, decreasing volume

Catalyst

Has no effect of the equilibrium constant

Strong Acids

HCl

HBr

HI

HNO3

HClO3

HClO4

H2SO4

Acidity increase

Increases with more oxygen atoms, more electronegative central atoms

Lower pKa

Lower pH

Higher Ka

Lower pH