Early Elizabethan England

All three topics combined - individual topic flashcard sets found in my History folder

Define clergy

People who have trained in the Church and work for the Church

Define compromise

To reach an agreement with someone meeting them halfway

Define Crown Lands

Land that belonged to the King or Queen

Define custom duties

Taxes paid to import goods

Define divine right

The belief that the monarch's right to rule came from God

Define heir

The next person in line to take title or power

Define illegitimate

A child born outside of marriage

Define legitimate

The rightful leader

Define monarch

King or Queen

Define privy council

Committee of ministers appointed by Elizabeth to advise her

Define successor

Person inheriting a title or role

Define supremacy

Supreme leader

Define uniformity

Everything to be the same

Define chancellor

Most important position and advisor to the Monarch

Define threat

Something that challenges or endangers

Who was Elizabeth's Secretary of State in 1558?

William Cecil

What did Elizabeth reduce the number of councillors in her privy council to from 50?

20

How long did Robert Dudley have to wait to become a councillor in Elizabeth's Privy Council?

4 years

How many councillors did Elizabeth keep in her privy council from Mary's reign?

10

How much debt had Elizabeth inherited from Mary?

£300 000

What did Elizabeth do to pay off Mary's debts and how much did she make?

Paid off the crown's lands and made £600 000

What was the alliance between France and Scotland called?

Auld alliance

When was the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis?

April 1559

What year did Scotland become Protestant?

1560

Who was Mary Queen of Scots married to?

Francis II of France

When was the Act of Uniformity?

1559

When was the Act of Supremacy?

1559

What was the Act of Uniformity?

Set out rules for the appearance of churches, a new book of common prayer and a fine for not attending church.

What was the Act of Supremacy?

Made Elizabeth "supreme governor" of the Church of England and made all clergy swear an Oath of Allegiance to Elizabeth.

How many clergy refused the Oath of Allegiance to Elizabeth out of the 9000?

250

What were the Royal Injunctions?

Instructions to clergy on how to implement Elizabeth's rules at the level of an individual parish church.

What language were church services held in after the Act of Uniformity?

English

What happened if you didn't attend church in 1559?

Recusancy fines - one shilling

What did Puritans challenge Elizabeth on?

The more Catholic leaning rules of decorations, music, altars and vestments in church.

When did Pope Pius V excommunicate Elizabeth?

1570

Who did the Catholics want to be Queen instead of Elizabeth?

Mary Queen of Scots

How were Mary Queen of Scots and Elizabeth 1 related?

Second cousins (Mary's grandmother was Elizabeth's aunt)

Who was Marys QoS's mother?

Mary of Guise

Who was Mary QoS's son?

James

When did Mary QoS arrive in England?

1568

Why was Mary QoS forced to abdicate in Scotland in 1567?

She was thought to have been involved in the murder of her second husband Henry Lord Darnley

When was Elizabeth crowned Queen?

1558

After the religious settlements of 1559, what language were services and the bible in and who did this please?

English, Protestants

After the religious settlements of 1559, could clergy marry and who did this please?

Yes, Protestants

After the religious settlements of 1559, could there be decorations in churches and who did this please?

Yes, Catholics

After the religious settlements of 1559, what did priests wear?

Vestments

What four ways did Elizabeth enforce her religious settlement (all in 1559)?

Act of Supremacy, Act of Uniformity, Royal Injunctions, Visitations

When was Mary QoS forced to abdicate the Scottish throne and why?

1567 as she was believed to be involved in the murder of her second husband

Define ambassador

An official from a foreign country

Define armada

Spanish word meaning a group of worships

Define bullion

Bars of silver and gold

Define clergy

People who work for the church such as priests

Define customs duties

Tax paid to the government on goods coming into the country

Define decipher

To break a code

Define excommunicate

To force someone to leave the Catholic church

Define fireships

A tactic used by Drake to send old ships that had been set on fire to destroy enemy ships

Define galleon

Large sailing ships with several decks, largely used by the Spanish

Define Gloriana

Name given to Elizabeth because she was so glorious and godlike

Define Governor General

Ruler of the Netherlands

Define Jesuit

Extreme missionary Catholic priest sent to convert people to the Catholic religion

Define Lord High Admiral

Appointed by the monarch to take control of the navy

Define martyr

A person killed for their religious beliefs

Define new world

Name given to North and South America during the time of early colonisation

Define papal

Given by the Pope

Define plot

An attempt to rebel or overthrow a leader

Define privateer

Old fashioned name for a pirate

Define piracy

The act of attacking and robbing ships

Define recusant

Someone who refuses to follow the established Church of England

Define Vatican

Palace and dwelling place of the Pope

When was the Ridolfi plot?

November 1571

When was the Throckmorton plot?

1583

When was the Babington plot?

1586

When was the revolt of the Northern Earls?

1569

Who planned to marry Mary QoS in 1569?

Duke of Norfolk

Who was the Duke of Norfolk?

A leading Catholic noble

Who were the three crucial northern earls?

Duke of Norfolk, Duke of Northumberland, Duke of Westmoreland

What did the Northern Earls want?

To restore Catholicism, for there to be more Catholic power in court, for Mary QoS to be Queen

Why did the result of the Northern Earls fail (support from abroad)?

They expected help from Spain and the Pope but didn't get it

Why did the result of the Northern Earls fail (support from home)?

Not many Catholics supported them, Elizabeth had a force of around 10 000

When was the Duke of Northumberland executed?

1572

Who lead the Catholic plot in 1571?

Roberto Ridolfi

Who lead the Catholic plot in 1583?

Francis Throckmorton

Who lead the Catholic plot in 1586?

Anthony Babington

What role did Marys QoS have in the Ridolfi plot?

She used Ridolfi to send letters to the Pope, Phillip 2 and the Duke of Alva

What was the aim of the Ridolfi plot?

To assassinate Elizabeth, place Mary on the throne married to the Duke of Norfolk, and restore Catholicism

How was the Ridolfi plot discovered?

Walsingham and Cecil discovered by Norfolk's servants betraying him to them

What was the main consequence of the Ridolfi plot?

Duke of Norfolk executed in 1572

What was the aim of the Throckmorton plot?

France to invade alongside Catholic uprise in the North to overthrow Elizabeth

What did Throckmorton do in the plot?

Carried letters from Mary QoS to the Spanish and French ambassadors including the French Duke of Guise

Who supported the Throckmorton plot financially?

Philip 2

How was the Throckmorton Plot discovered?

Walsingham and his spies spied on Throckmorton and found evidence in his house

What were the main consequences of the Throckmorton Plot?

Throckmorton executed, Spanish ambassador expelled, new laws against Catholics introduced

What was the aim of the Babington Plot?

Kill Elizabeth, free Mary QoS, and restore Catholicism

What did Babington do in the plot?

He wrote to Mary with a 6-step plan to overthrow Elizabeth

How was the Babington plot discovered?

Walsingham placed spies and double agents in Mary's house to intercept letters

What were the consequences of the Babington plot?

Mary QoS placed on trial and executed, Babington and conspirators executed

When was Mary QoS executed?

February 1587

What was Francis Walsingham known as?

Spymaster

When was the Bond of Association?

1584

What was the Bond of Association (1584)?

Said that if Elizabeth's life was in threat from Catholic plotters, Mary was to be executed