Unit 9 - Globalization

Advances in communication

Telegraphs, Telephones, and Radios → Televisions, Internet, Cell Phones, and Social Media

Arab Spring

Movement in the Early 2010’s that occurred in the Arab world which was helped by social media

Advances in Transportation

Cargo Ships and Airplanes

Advances in transportation helped…

global trade and migration of people

Advances in Agriculture

Mixing of Science and Agriculture to create crossbreeding and genetic engineering

Advances in Agriculture led to more food which solved the problem of…

global population increasing

Green Revolution and it’s potential problems

a period of technological innovation in agriculture—led by Nobel laureate Norman Borlaug—that drastically increased food production; Caused deforestation, small farmers to be forced out, and chemicals in the environment

Nonrenewable sources(coal, petroleum, natural gas) caused…

pollution

Renewable sources(solar, wind) doesn’t produce as much…

energy as nonrenewable sources

Nuclear Energy

Clean energy with high output that caused many potential catastrophes such as Chernobyl and Fukushima

Advances in Medicinal Innovations such as… helped the human population…

Penicillin, which helped bacterial infections, Vaccines, which prevented diseases; grow

What effects did the Birth Control Pill have on the Human population?

None; Fertility rates dropped and gender roles changed

Diseases caused by poverty

Malaria, Tuberculosis, Cholera, and Polio are common in countries with high rates of poverty

Diseases caused by longevity

Heart Disease caused by lifestyle, genetics, and longevity; Alzheimer’s common in the elderly

Epidemics

Spanish Flu and HIV/AIDS epidemics; Ebola and Covid 19

Spanish Flu

Disease that caused 20 million deaths from WWI after soldiers returned home

Modern environmental challenges are a result of…

an ever growing world population

Problems of the environment caused by population

1.) Desertification - dry and arid

2.) Deforestation - loss of nature for use

3.) Pollution - greenhouse gases emit

4.) Resource Scarcity - people lack access to clean drinking water

Climate Change

Controversial(Who/What is responsible); Attempts at solutions include Kyoto Protocol and Paris Climate Agreement

United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights

Everyone is entitled to basic rights and fundamental freedoms without distinctions

UN UNICEF

United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund; helped underprivileged children across the world

Gender Equality in the 20th Century

Major strides including suffrage, literacy, and college education

Racial Equality in the 20th Century

Major strides including desegregation, Civil Rights Act, Voting Rights Act and Nelson Mandela in South Africa

Where were Human Rights not made strides in?

Chinese Communist Party; Tiananmen Square Massacre, Uighur Muslim Imprisonment, Internet Censorship, and social credit

Pop Culture refers to the culture of the…

common people; music, film/tv, sport, internet

Americanization

Idea given to the spread of American culture globally

In recent times, more… have been influencing pop culture; Give and take culture

global influences

Russian “Punks“

emerging underground rock scene in the USSR(Swing Kids of Russia); Example of culture spreading to Russia

Taylor Swift global concert tour

Spread of American culture through music in 21 countries of 5 continents(10 million attendees)

K-Pop

South Korean culture spreading globally helped the world adopt South Korean cultural ideas

Anime

Example of Japanese culture spreading globally

Bollywood

Spread of Indian culture through film

Squid Game

Example of South Korean culture spreading due to popularity in film

Sports

Pop culture spread in globalization(ex. many nations participate in the Olympics and the World Cup, players in professional sports, Women in sports - gender equality)

Political and economic unity in the world occured…

Post-WWII and Cold War

Global Institutions

United Nations

World Trade Organization

European Union and USMCA (U.S., Mexico, Canada)

Resistance against globalization happened because…

not everyone supports globalization; too much exploitation of people

Exploitation of people/labor

1.) Child Labor

2.) Unsafe Working Conditions

3.) Exploitation of Poor People

Environmental Concerns

1.) Greenhouse gases

2.) Deforestation

National Sovereignty Concerns

1.) Brexit (Great Britain’s exit from European Union)

2.) President Trump - “America First“

In both, people voted for the event

Economic Liberalization

The reduction of government regulations and restrictions in an economy, promoting private enterprise, free markets, and foreign investment

Reaganomics

Economic policy of Ronald Reagan; Reduced inflation(period of Stagflation - employment and no eco growth), Trickle-down Theory(less taxes for business - lets people have more money)

Three Central Points of Reaganomics

1.) Deregulate Businesses

2.) Use Private Contractors

3.) Decrease Spending on Social Programs

Britain under Margaret Thatcher

Advocated cutting taxes, regulations, and government assistance to the poor as a way to promote economic growth.

Corporations used the shift in emphasis to lower wages, taxes, and regulations. This led to environmental and labor damage.

China under Deng Xiaoping

De-collectivization of agriculture, making the country up to foreign investment, and allowing entrepreneurs to start businesses.

Contracts and privatization in state-owned industries, and emphasized more on price controls, protectionist policies, and regulations.

Regulated and controlled the economy efficiently and major growth was noticeable from 1978-2013

Chile under Augusto Pinochet

Free market principles to reduce government intervention, to promote free trade, and find ways to control inflation better

Sweep economic liberalization which led to a downfall

Knowledge Economy

Economic system where value creation, growth, and productivity are driven by intellectual assets—knowledge, skills, and technology—rather than physical labor or natural resources

Manufacturing Economies

Economic system heavily driven by the large-scale, mechanized, or manual transformation of raw materials into finished goods, often utilizing factories, plants, or mills