introduction/ vicarious reinfocement,identification/mediational

Who proposed salt as a development of the behavioural approach

ALBRT BANDURA

What did BANDURA argue?

Classical and operant conditioning cant account for al human learning - important cognitive processes that mediate between stimulus and response

What did BANDURA agree with the behaviourists but what does SLT add

Behaviour is learned from experience

SLT adds - peple learn through observation and imitation of others

What are the 3 points that SLT say hw people learn

• observing others as well as through direct operant and c.c.

• When see others conduct a behaviour - might learn to imitate that behaviour

• Whether we copy the behaviours of others - determined by whether the role model was rewarded or punished for behaviour (Vicarious reinforcement)

How is SLT different from other approaches

Not behaviourists - recognises importance of SLT

SLT includes aspects of biology and cognition - further difference from behaviourist theories

What is modelling and imitation

Imitation - act of copying a role models behaviour

Modelling - act of copying a behaviour you observed in someone else

What is an example of modelling in BANDURA experiment

Children copied the aggressive adults

What is vicarious reinforcement

Individual observes the behaviour of others

Learning may imitate this behaviour - imitation only occurs if the behaviour is seen to be rewarded (reinforced) rather than punished

Thus learner observes a behaviour but most importantly also observes the consequences of a behaviour

What study is vicarious reinforcement shown

Albert BANDURA and Richard Walters

Demonstrated children copied behaviours that they observed being rewarded - vicarious reinforcement

What is identification

People (especially Children) more likely to imitate people they identify with = identification

Person they identify with is called a role model

Imiataitg their behaviour = role modelling

How does a person become a role model

If seen to possess similar characteristics to the observer

Or attractive and have high status

Do role models have to be present

No

Important implications fo the influence of the media on behaviour

Wat are the 2 types of role models

Live models

people who are more present in our environment

Symbolic models

people who are present in the media (e.g celebrities)

How is SLT often described>

What fos it focus on

What do mental factors do

Bridge between behaviourist learning theory and cognitive approach - focuses on how mental factors are involved in learning

Mental factors intervene in the learning process to determine whether a new response is acquired

Who identified 4 mediational processes and what are they

BANDURA

• attention - observer must have been paying attention to situation

• Retention - even if noticed it may not have been learnt - observer must be able to retain the behaviour and the consequences

• Reproduction - observer needs to be physically able to copy the behaviour

• Motivation - observer needs to believe there will be a reward f some sort for modelling the behaviour themselves

Which 2 processes relate to learning the behaviour and which 2 is performance

Learning - attention + retention

Performance - reproduction + motivation

Unlike traditional behaviours the learning and performance dont need to happen together

Observed behaviours may be stored and reproduced at a late time