bio final

synaptic transmission: _____ axon terminal, Ca volt gate chann open at terminal, exocytosis of synaptic vesicles with neurotransmitter, nt into synaptic cleft, nt bind ligand gated ion channels on post synaptic and then can ESPS of ISPS

ap at pre synaptic neuron,

synaptic transmission: ap at pre synaptic neuron,_____ Ca volt gate chann open at terminal, exocytosis of synaptic vesicles with neurotransmitter, nt into synaptic cleft, nt bind ligand gated ion channels on post synaptic and then can ESPS of ISPS

axon terminal,

synaptic transmission: ap at pre synaptic neuron, axon terminal,______ exocytosis of synaptic vesicles with neurotransmitter, nt into synaptic cleft, nt bind ligand gated ion channels on post synaptic and then can ESPS of ISPS

Ca volt gate chann open at terminal,

synaptic transmission: ap at pre synaptic neuron, axon terminal, Ca volt gate chann open at terminal, ________, nt into synaptic cleft, nt bind ligand gated ion channels on post synaptic and then can ESPS of ISPS

exocytosis of synaptic vesicles with neurotransmitter

synaptic transmission: ap at pre synaptic neuron, axon terminal, Ca volt gate chann open at terminal, exocytosis of synaptic vesicles with neurotransmitter, ______, nt bind ligand gated ion channels on post synaptic and then can ESPS of ISPS

nt into synaptic cleft

synaptic transmission: ap at pre synaptic neuron, axon terminal, Ca volt gate chann open at terminal, exocytosis of synaptic vesicles with neurotransmitter, nt into synaptic cleft,_______ then can ESPS of ISPS

nt bind ligand gated ion channels on post synaptic and

synaptic transmission: ap at pre synaptic neuron, axon terminal, Ca volt gate chann open at terminal, exocytosis of synaptic vesicles with neurotransmitter, nt into synaptic cleft, nt bind ligand gated ion channels on post synaptic _____

and then can ESPS of ISPS

excitatory depolorize, lead to threshold and generates an action potential in post synaptic neuron

ESPS

inhibitory, does not lead to AP, hyperpolorizes

ISPS

single synapse fires multiple times and gets stronger

temportal summation

greater than or equal to two presnaptic act on one post, can cancel if pre are esps and isps

spatial summation

what is more efficient temporal or spatial summation

temporal

fire together wire together

LTP

strengthens individual synapses

LTP

is LTP induced by spatial or temporal summation

spatial

in long term potentiation,

efficiency incrases…. spatial strengthens into more efficient temporal which is LTP

sensory pathway: ____ transduction, transmission, perception

receptor,

sensory pathway: receptor, _____ transmission, perception

transduction,

sensory pathway: receptor, transduction____ perception

, transmission,

sensory pathway: receptor, transduction, transmission,____

perception

stimulate energy changes to ap in receptor, depolorizes

transduction

sensory neuron carries ap to CNA and can be strengthened

transmission

perception occurs only in the

brain

change of number of neuronal connections

neuronal plasticity

does neuronal plasticity change the number of neurons

no

muscle structure: ____ > muscle fiber cells> myofibrils > sarcomere > filaments

muscle

muscle structure: muscle > ______> myofibrils > sarcomere > filaments

muscle fiber cells

muscle structure: muscle > muscle fiber cells> ____ > sarcomere > filaments

myofibrils

muscle structure: muscle > muscle fiber cells> myofibrils > _____ > filaments

sarcomere

muscle structure: muscle > muscle fiber cells> myofibrils > sarcomere > ___

filaments

filaments include

myosin and actin

thin filament

actin

thick filament

myosin

involuntary, non striated, no t tub, bad sr, slow

smooth muscle

tendon to bone, striated, voluntary, multinuc,

skeletal muscle

heart muscle no motor neiron, self reg control, autorythmic, interclated disks

cardiac muscle

connect heart cells for coordination, decrease need for motor neuron

interclated disks

fluid filled, use pressure, in cnidarians nematodes annelids

hydrostatic skeleton

external nonliving no growth gota shed and build,

exoskeleton

chitinous exoskeleton

arthropod

internal living skeleton, grows and changes,

endoskeleton

endoderms and chordate have

endoskeletons

flexible endoskel chrondocytes and collagen

cartilage

rigid endoskeleton made of collagen and hnydroxyapitate

bone

muscle contractions cost

1 atp per cycle

muscle contraction:_____, motor neuron releases ach, depolorize muscle fiber, t tubules, sarco rec, open voltage gated calcium channel, release calcium, bind to troponin, shift to expose myosin binding sites, cross bridge, power stroke, cross bridge breaks, hydorlyze atp to ADP, myosin back to high energy state

rest

muscle contraction: rest, ____ depolorize muscle fiber, t tubules, sarco rec, open voltage gated calcium channel, release calcium, bind to troponin, shift to expose myosin binding sites, cross bridge, power stroke, cross bridge breaks, hydorlyze atp to ADP, myosin back to high energy state

motor neuron releases ach,

muscle contraction: rest, motor neuron releases ach, ____ t tubules, sarco rec, open voltage gated calcium channel, release calcium, bind to troponin, shift to expose myosin binding sites, cross bridge, power stroke, cross bridge breaks, hydorlyze atp to ADP, myosin back to high energy state

depolorize muscle fiber,

muscle contraction: rest, motor neuron releases ach, depolorize muscle fiber,____ sarco rec, open voltage gated calcium channel, release calcium, bind to troponin, shift to expose myosin binding sites, cross bridge, power stroke, cross bridge breaks, hydorlyze atp to ADP, myosin back to high energy state

t tubules,

muscle contraction: rest, motor neuron releases ach, depolorize muscle fiber, t tubules, ____ open voltage gated calcium channel, release calcium, bind to troponin, shift to expose myosin binding sites, cross bridge, power stroke, cross bridge breaks, hydorlyze atp to ADP, myosin back to high energy state

sarco rec,

muscle contraction: rest, motor neuron releases ach, depolorize muscle fiber, t tubules, sarco rec, _______, release calcium, bind to troponin, shift to expose myosin binding sites, cross bridge, power stroke, cross bridge breaks, hydorlyze atp to ADP, myosin back to high energy state

open voltage gated calcium channel

muscle contraction: rest, motor neuron releases ach, depolorize muscle fiber, t tubules, sarco rec, open voltage gated calcium channel, ______, bind to troponin, shift to expose myosin binding sites, cross bridge, power stroke, cross bridge breaks, hydorlyze atp to ADP, myosin back to high energy state

release calcium

muscle contraction: rest, motor neuron releases ach, depolorize muscle fiber, t tubules, sarco rec, open voltage gated calcium channel, release calcium, _____ shift to expose myosin binding sites, cross bridge, power stroke, cross bridge breaks, hydorlyze atp to ADP, myosin back to high energy state

bind to troponin,

muscle contraction: rest, motor neuron releases ach, depolorize muscle fiber, t tubules, sarco rec, open voltage gated calcium channel, release calcium, bind to troponin,_____, cross bridge, power stroke, cross bridge breaks, hydorlyze atp to ADP, myosin back to high energy state

shift to expose myosin binding sites

muscle contraction: rest, motor neuron releases ach, depolorize muscle fiber, t tubules, sarco rec, open voltage gated calcium channel, release calcium, bind to troponin, shift to expose myosin binding sites,____ power stroke, cross bridge breaks, hydorlyze atp to ADP, myosin back to high energy state

cross bridge,

muscle contraction: rest, motor neuron releases ach, depolorize muscle fiber, t tubules, sarco rec, open voltage gated calcium channel, release calcium, bind to troponin, shift to expose myosin binding sites, cross bridge, ______ cross bridge breaks, hydorlyze atp to ADP, myosin back to high energy state

power stroke,

muscle contraction: rest, motor neuron releases ach, depolorize muscle fiber, t tubules, sarco rec, open voltage gated calcium channel, release calcium, bind to troponin, shift to expose myosin binding sites, cross bridge, power stroke, ________ hydorlyze atp to ADP, myosin back to high energy state

cross bridge breaks,

muscle contraction: rest, motor neuron releases ach, depolorize muscle fiber, t tubules, sarco rec, open voltage gated calcium channel, release calcium, bind to troponin, shift to expose myosin binding sites, cross bridge, power stroke, cross bridge breaks, ______ myosin back to high energy state

hydorlyze atp to ADP,

muscle contraction: rest, motor neuron releases ach, depolorize muscle fiber, t tubules, sarco rec, open voltage gated calcium channel, release calcium, bind to troponin, shift to expose myosin binding sites, cross bridge, power stroke, cross bridge breaks, hydorlyze atp to ADP, _____

myosin back to high energy state

when myosin is in its high energy state its with

ADP

where is myosin binding site

on actin

what blocks myosin binding site while at rest

tropomyosin

allows AP to go down into cell no diffusion and ap gets into sarco reticu

t tubules

what regulates muscle contraction

troponin

troponin and tropomyosin are with

actin

myosin bind actin

cross bridge

when you hydrolyze atp it becomes

adp

digestion: ___, digest, absorb, eliminate

injestion

digestion: injestion, _____, absorb, eliminate

digest

digestion: injestion, digest,___, eliminate

absorb

digestion: injestion, digest, absorb, ______

eliminate

mechanical chem digestion of food, macro to mono

digestion

gets mono into cells

absorption

mouth to anal canal

alimentry canal

feed into allementry system, release juice from salavary glands, pancreas, liver, gallbladder

accessory gland

wave of smooth muscle contraction

peristalsis

circle muscle valves reg passage

sphincters

sphincters: esophogeal, ____, pyloric, illioceal, anal

cardiac

sphincters: esophogeal, cardiac,_____illioceal, anal

pyloric,

sphincters: esophogeal, cardiac, pyloric,____, anal

illioceal

sphincters: esophogeal, cardiac, pyloric, illioceal, ____

anal

food processing: ____, pharynx, epoglottis blocks trachea, open esophogeal, esophagus, cardiac sphincter, stomach, small intestine DJI, large intestine

oral cav

food processing: oral cav, ____, epoglottis blocks trachea, open esophogeal, esophagus, cardiac sphincter, stomach, small intestine DJI, large intestine

pharynx

food processing: oral cav, pharynx,_____ open esophogeal, esophagus, cardiac sphincter, stomach, small intestine DJI, large intestine

epoglottis blocks trachea,

food processing: oral cav, pharynx, epoglottis blocks trachea, _______, esophagus, cardiac sphincter, stomach, small intestine DJI, large intestine

open esophogeal,

food processing: oral cav, pharynx, epoglottis blocks trachea, open esophogeal,_____, cardiac sphincter, stomach, small intestine DJI, large intestine

esophagus

food processing: oral cav, pharynx, epoglottis blocks trachea, open esophogeal, esophagus, _____, stomach, small intestine DJI, large intestine

cardiac sphincter

food processing: oral cav, pharynx, epoglottis blocks trachea, open esophogeal, esophagus, cardiac sphincter, ______, small intestine DJI, large intestine

stomach

food processing: oral cav, pharynx, epoglottis blocks trachea, open esophogeal, esophagus, cardiac sphincter, stomach, ____, large intestine

small intestine DJI

food processing: oral cav, pharynx, epoglottis blocks trachea, open esophogeal, esophagus, cardiac sphincter, stomach, small intestine DJI, ___

large intestine

mechanical digestion

teeth

chem digestion of carbs

in mouth via salivary amylase

respitory dig split

pharynx

cells in stomach

mucus, cheif, parietal

make mucus to protect stomach lining

mucus cells

secrete peptidoglycan which gets activated into pepsin

cheif cells

where is chem dig of protein

stomach

enzyme for chem dig of prot from polypep to AA

pepsin

make HCL

parietal cells