slp 329 final exam

The ability to detect ______ improves with age and metalinguistic skill.

1. Grammatical errors

2. Dialectal variations

3. none of the answers are correct

4. Communication breakdown

Grammatical errors

True or False:

Healthy seniors demonstrate a decline in working memory with age.

True

Typical seniors tend to have some difficulty in _________.

1. Use of indefinite words

2. Speed of word retrieval

3. Vocabulary size

4. Defining words

Speed of word retrieval

Irregular forms may be more closely related to _________ information.

1. Phonological

2. Semantic

3. Morphologic

4. Syntactic

semantic

In the __________ form, the speaker requests, demands, asks, insists, commands, and so on that the listener perform some act.

1. Imperative

2. Interrogative

3. Exclamatory

4. Declarative

Imperative

Initially, the possessive is attached only to __________.

1. Regular plurals

2. Inalienable objects

3. Single animate nouns

4. Irregular plurals

Single animate nouns

Consonant clusters are mastered by around age ______.

1. 3

2. 10

3. 5

4. 6-7

6-7

New information is generally marked with ________.

"a"

Old information is signaled by _________________.

"the" + noun or use of a pronoun

In English, singular nouns are ____________.

1. inflected

2. unmarked

3. rare

4. acquired around age 10

unmarked

True or False:

By 24 months a child has usually mastered both the regular and the irregular past tense in most contexts.

False

All of the following are true about mean length of utterance (MLU) EXCEPT:

1. there is a positive correlation between MLU and age

2. MLU is a subjective measure

3. MLU is used by speech-language pathologists as an indicator of potential

language disorders

4. increases in MLU correspond to increases in utterance completely until an MLU of 4.0

MLU is a subjective measure

Discrimination, especially for language decoding, requires ________________ to hold a message during processing.

1. Episodic memory

2. Short term memory

3. Long term memory

4. Working memory

Working memory

The ________________ is specialized for linguistic processing.

1. Left temporal lobe

2. Right frontal lobe

3. Left frontal lobe

4. Right temporal lobe

Left temporal lobe

Adult _____________________ seem(s) to improve steadily in terms of main themes and details.

1. Narratives

2. Monologs

3. none of the answers are correct

4. Inferencing

Narratives

When second language learning begins after puberty, _____________________.

1. Native language proficiency can be obtained in 2-3 years

2. Native language proficiency cannot be obtained

3. Native language proficiency can be obtained in 4-7 years

4. It is difficult to obtain native language proficiency

It is difficult to obtain native language proficiency

True or False:

Context and listener feedback are factors that determine whether adults use style shifting.

True

___________________ is/are a speech process in which sounds that will be produced later in an utterance are anticipated and the mouth is moved into position on an earlier speech sound.

1. Articulatory set

2. Coarticulation

3. none of the answers are correct

4. Morphophonemic changes

Coarticulation

True or False:

Children, adults, and adolescents all use greater syntactic complexity when

speaking in a conversation as opposed to speaking in an expository genre.

False

As adolescents, children with ___________________ tend to be less independent than typically developing peers.

1. Nonstandard dialects

2. A history of cross-language adoption

3. Language impairments

4. Bilingual parents

Language impairments

True or False:

Use of fillers such as uh and um are delay markers used to indicate an upcoming short and long pause respectively.

True

True or False:

More than half of children with oral language impairments will later demonstrate written language impairments.

True

True or False:

Scribbles and drawing with an occasional letter are some examples of preliterate attempts at spelling

True

There is a threefold increase in the number of written ______________________ sentences between ages 8 and 13.

1. Interrogative

2. Imperative

3. Active

4. Passive

Passive

In ___________________________, a reader is able to relate content to other knowledge.

1. Dynamic literacy

2. Mature literacy

3. The basic decoding level

4. Critical literacy

Mature literacy

________________________ includes knowing the direction in which reading proceeds across a page and through a book, being interested in print, and recognizing some letters.

1. all of the answers are correct

2. Phonological awareness

3. Print awareness

4. Morphophonemic awareness

Print awareness

True or False:

Self-appraisal and executive function are the two aspects of metacognition that are important for reading.

True

__________________________ is the specific ability to manipulate sounds, such as blending sounds to create new words or segmenting words into sounds.

1. all of the answers are correct

2. Decoding

3. Segmentation

4. Phonemic awareness

Phonemic awareness

True or False:

Comprehension is breaking a word into its component sounds and then blending them together to form a recognizable word.

False

__________________________ is breaking a word into its component sounds and then blending them together to form a recognizable word.

1. Comprehension

2. Phonological representation

3. all of the answers are correct

4. Decoding

Decoding

__________________________ is/are the best predictor of spelling ability in elementary school.

1. Phonological awareness skills

2. Literacy exposure

3. Processing speed

4. Inferencing ability

Phonological awareness skills

More than any other area of language, development of ___________ varies widely with educational level, SES, gender, age, and cultural background.

1. Semantics

2. Phonology

3. Pragmatics

4. Syntax

Pragmatics

_____________ consist of a series of events in which changes cause other changes with no goal-directed behaviors; consists of setting, initiating event, and action attempts.

1. Action sequences

2. Abbreviated episodes

3. Reaction sequences

4. Descriptive sequences

Reaction sequences

True or False:

"And" is used as frequently in the narratives of 9-year-olds as it was in those of preschoolers, but the purpose is coherence rather than conjoining.

True

True or False:

To understand a sentence with Because, a child must comprehend not only the relationship between two events but also their temporal sequence.

False

_______________ are categories of objects that share a common essence.

1. Taxonomies

2. Organizational schemes

3. Themes

4. Central ideas

Taxonomies

In general, __________________ are the recipients of more demands and whining, and of shorter, less conversational narratives.

1. Parents

2. Peers

3. Siblings

4. Teachers

Parents

By ___________ most children know the difference between the adverbs of likelihood (definitely, probably, possibly).

1. 1st grade

2. 4th grade

3. 10th grade

4. 7th grade

4th grade

Use of figurative language is indicative of higher language functions and correlates with adolescent

1. Literacy skills

2. School performance

3. Peer relationships

4. Narrative development

Literacy skills

In the early school-age years, growth in semantics and ____________________ are most prevalent.

1. Syntax

2. Phonology

3. Morphology

4. Pragmatics

Syntax

True or False:

Speakers of AAE may have less difficulty with reading and spelling than their peers who do not speak AAE.

False

The major characteristics of infant-directed speech are everything EXCEPT

1. repetition

2. simple syntax

3. use of a small core vocabulary

4. paraphrasing

5. short utterance length

paraphrasing

During the second month, _______________ is/are stimulated by attention and speech.

1. Smiling

2. Routines

3. Games

4. Cooing

smiling

This presupposes that two or more individuals share a common focus on one entity.

1. indicating

2. joint reference

3. responsivity

4. deixis

joint reference

________________________ contain the initial elements of emerging conversation.

1. none of the answers are correct

2. Gestural interactions

3. Routines

4. Protoconversations

Protoconversations

True or False:

The human face and voice is a newborn's visual and auditory preference.

True

As the infant develops, there is a ______________ in the infant's and caregiver's behaviors.

1. Decrease in signaling

2. Mutual modification

3. Decrease in predictability

4. Ritualization

Mutual modification

In conversation, women tend to see their role as ________________________.

1. Controlling

2. A competitor

3. Conversation facilitators

4. Information providers

Conversation facilitators

True or False:

The three levels of text comprehension are surface text or wording, meaning or content, and integration of the text with one's own background.

True

True or False:

In adolescence, most communication occurs in conversation.

True

True or False:

Professional jargon is the specific language skills or terminology related to holding a job as an adult.

True

Children, adults, and adolescents all use greater syntactic complexity when ___________________________.

1. Speaking in an expository genre

2. Giving a narrative

3. Speaking in a conversation

4. Asking questions

Speaking in an expository genre

Adult _____________________ seem(s) to improve steadily in terms of main themes and details.

1. none of the answers are correct

2. Monologs

3. Inferencing

4. Narratives

Narratives

True or False:

Children, adults, and adolescents all use greater syntactic complexity when speaking in a conversation as opposed to speaking in an expository genre.

False

True or False:

Context and listener feedback are factors that determine whether adults use style shifting.

True

What refers to the shifting from one language to another?

Code switching

What are or language development varies widely with educational level, SES, gender, age, and cultural background?

Pragmatics

What is the ability to take the perspective or another person?

Theory of Mind

Imitation of others is important for _____________

a. multiword production

b. Vocabulary growth

c. Phonological development

d. Syntax development

Phonological development

Children seem to respond best to verbal commands that are slightly above their production level. suggesting _______

a. Comprehension above their level of production

b. parents should target language production

c. children are generally compliant

d. Children are used to hearing commands

Comprehension above their level of production

(T/F) taxonomic knowledge consist(s) of categories and classes of words

True

(T/F) By age 3, the brain has reached its fully mature weight

False

(T/F) The corpus callosum is an example of a transverse fiber tract

True

(T/F) The brain and spinal cord make up the peripheral nervous system

False

the ___________ is the largest portion of the brain

a. Cerebrum

b. Midbrain

c. Cortex

d. Cerebellum

Cerebrum

__________ is the ability to sustain attention over time

a. reaction

b. perception

c. organization

d. orientation

orientation

(T/F) Neuroscience is the study of the neuroanatomy, physiology, and biochemistry of language

True

The membranes that cover the CNS are called _______

a. hemispheres

b. Meninges

c. Myelin sheaths

d. Ventricles

Meninges

________ area of the brain is key in preparing and coordinating the motor program for verbalizing a message

brocas (Left temporal)

The major characteristics of infant-directed speech are

pick one or more

a. repetition

b. simple syntax

c. use of a small core vocabulary

d. paraphrasing

e. short utterance length

ALL OF THEMMMMM

During the second month, __________ is/are stimulated by attention and speech

a. smiling

b. routines

c. games

d. cooing

smiling

This presupposes that two or more individuals share a common focus on one entity

a. indicating

b. joint refernce

c. responsivity

d. deixis

joint refernce

__________ contain the initial elements of emerging conversation

a. none of the answers are correct

b. Gestural interactions

c. routines

d. Protoconversations

Protoconversations

(T/F) The human face and voice is a newborn’s visual and auditory preference

True

As the infant develops, there is a ___________ in the infant’s and caregivers behaviors

a. decrease in signaling

b. mutual modification

c. decrease in predictability

d. ritualization

mutual modification

__________________________ is breaking a word into its component sounds and then blending them together to form a recognizable word.

a. all of the answers are correct

b. Decoding

c. Comprehension

d. Phonological representation

Decoding

__________________________ is/are the best predictor of spelling ability in elementary school.

a. Inferencing ability

b. Processing speed

c. Phonological awareness skills

d. Literacy exposure

Phonological awareness skills

Scribbles and drawing with an occasional letter are some examples of preliterate attempts at spelling

True

False

True

In ___________________________, a reader is able to relate content to other knowledge.

a. The basic decoding level

b. Critical literacy

c. Mature literacy

d. Dynamic literacy

Critical literacy

Comprehension is breaking a word into its component sounds and then blending them together to form a recognizable word.

True

False

False

The major shift in reading around 3rd grade is the transition from learning to read to reading to learn.

True

False

True

More than half of children with oral language impairments will later demonstrate written language impairments.

True

False

True

__________________________ is characterized by the fact that the speaker and listener do not directly share the experience being communicated.

a. Theory of mind ability

b. Decontextualized language

c. Narrative development

d. none of the answers are correct

Decontextualized language

There is a threefold increase in the number of written ______________________ sentences between ages 8 and 13.

a. Passive

b. Imperative

c. Active

d. Interrogative

Passive

(T/F) Self-appraisal and executive function are the two aspects of metacognition that are important for reading.

True

If a word ends in a voiced consonant, the voiced plural marker /z/ is used. If the word ends in a voiceless consonant, the voiceless plural marker /s/ is used.

True

False

true

Identify the words that would count as one morpheme according to Brown's Rules for counting morphemes (select all that apply).

a. ate

b. No! No!

c. Oscar the Grouch

d. jumped

a. ate AND b. No! No!

Consonant clusters are mastered by around age _____________.

a. 10

b. 3

c. 5

d. 6-7

6-7

______ is the insertion of a vowel between two consonants. Example: “tree” becomes “teree.”

Epenthesis

____ is a process for simplifying syllable structure in which one syllable becomes the same as another in the word. Example: “water” becomes “wawa.”

Reduplication

Bound morphemes begin to occur at an MLU of ____________.

a. 4.0

b. 3.0-3.5

c. 2.0-2.5

d. 1.5

2.0-2.5

In English, singular nouns are _____________________.

a. Unmarked

b. Rare

c. Acquired around age 10

d. Inflected

Unmarked

(T/F) MLU is one of the qualitative values used by SLPs to describe the language development of children with potential language impairments.

True

In the ________________________ form, the speaker requests, demands, asks, insists, commands, and so on that the listener perform some act.

a. Exclamatory

b. Declarative

c. Imperative

d. Interrogative

Imperative

English-speaking children understand early that in noun phrases, _______________________________.

a. Adjectives precede pronouns

b. Nouns precede adjectives

c. Articles precede proper nouns

d. Adjectives precede nouns

Adjectives precede nouns

By age 2, a toddler has an expressive vocabulary of about ____________ words.

Mixing syntax is detrimental to learning language

Verb learning begins to slowly increase after the acquisition of 100 words

150-300 words?? (PLEASE DOUBLE CHECK)!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!