Structure of Government and Federalism

Separation of powers

Power is divided among the legislative executive and judicial branches.

Checks and balances

Each branch can limit the powers of the others.

Federalism

Power is shared between national and state governments.

Enumerated powers

Powers specifically listed in the Constitution.

Implied powers

Powers suggested by the Constitution not directly listed.

Reserved powers

Powers kept by the states.

Concurrent powers

Powers shared by national and state governments.

Delegated powers

Powers given to the national government.

Exclusive powers

Powers only the national government has.

Denied powers

Powers the Constitution does not allow a government to have.

Bicameral legislature

A lawmaking body with two houses.

Unicameral legislature

A lawmaking body with one house.

Necessary and Proper Clause

Allows Congress to make laws needed to carry out its powers.

Elastic Clause

Another name for the Necessary and Proper Clause.

Commerce Clause

Gives Congress power to regulate interstate commerce.

Supremacy Clause

Federal law is higher than state law when they conflict.

Full Faith and Credit Clause

States must recognize public acts and records of other states.

Privileges and Immunities Clause

States cannot unfairly treat people from other states.