IV Fluids

Examples of Isotonic Fluids

• Lactated Ringers

• 0.9% Sodium Chloride (NS)

Indications for Isotonic Fluids

Blood loss, surgery, isotonic dehydration, fluid loss, maintenance fluids, clients who are NPO

Examples of Hypotonic Fluids

• 0.45% Sodium Chloride (1/2 NS)

• 0.2% Sodium Chloride

• 2.5% D2.5W

• 5% D5W

Indications for Hypotonic Fluids

DKA, HHNS, Hypernatremia

Examples of Hypertonic Fluids

• 1.5%, 3%, or 5% Sodium Chloride

• D5NS

• D5LR

• D10W

Indications for Hypertonic Fluids

Hyponatremia, cerebral edema

What do Hypotonic Fluids do ?

Pushes fluid out of the blood into the cell

What do Hypertonic Fluids do?

Pushes water out of the cells into the blood

What do Isotonic Fluids do?

Proportional to blood

Sodium is important in…

• Brains

• Nerves

• Muscle cells

Examples of Fluid Loss in Hypernatremia

• Hyperventilation

• Excessive sweating

• Fever

• Diabetes Insipidus

Examples of Gaining/Retaining Sodium in Hypernatremia

• Hypertonic IVF

• Sodium Bicarbonate

• Increased sodium intake

• Hyperaldosteronism

• Corticosteroids

• Cushing’s

Cues for Hypernatremia

• Neurological symptoms

• Muscle twitching/cramps

• Dry mouth/decreased UOP

Treatment for Fluid Loss with Hypernatremia

• More water !

• Isotonic fluids if severe

• PO water if mild