Humanities Spring Semester Exam

stained-glass programs

The chief purpose of stained-glass programs in Gothic cathedrals was to tell the stories of the Bible.

flying buttress

A structural element built against an exterior wall of a Gothic church to provide support for more windows and brace it against strong winds.

contrapposto

A pose in which a figure stands with one leg bent and the weight shifted to one side, exemplified by the figure of Saint Theodore on the jamb of Chartres’ south transept portal.

Sainte-Chapelle

A Gothic church known for featuring the highest ratio of glass to stone.

Allegory of Good Government

A fresco painted by Ambrogio Lorenzetti.

Florence

By the twelfth century, Florence was the center of textile production in the Western world and a key player in European trade.

Giotto di Bondone

A talented painter who was discovered and tutored by Cimabue and eventually surpassed his teacher.

Masetà (Virgin and Child)

A painting credited to Simone Martini, which once hung in the council chamber of Siena’s Palazzo Pubblico.

Florence Cathedral

The dome of this cathedral was designed by Filippo Brunelleschi.

Alhazen’s Perspectiva

A work that influenced Brunelleschi's understanding of optics and integrated classical works of Euclid, Ptolemy, and Galen.

The Tribute Money

A painting by Masaccio, in which the Apostle Peter appears three times.

Venus in Botticelli’s Primavera

An allegorical figure recognized by Humanists in Lorenzo’s court as representing the highest moral qualities.

The Last Supper

A mural by Leonardo da Vinci located on the north wall of the refectory of the Dominican monastery of Santa Maria delle Grazie.

Julius II

The pope who commissioned architect Donato Bramante to renovate the Vatican Palace and replace Saint Peter’s Basilica.

Tempietto

An architectural work that exemplifies classical references, integration of original Roman columns, and mathematical orderliness.

Michelangelo

Throughout the Sistine Chapel ceiling, he included the della Rovere heraldic symbols of oak and acorn to symbolize Pope Julius II's patronage.

School of Athens

A fresco by Raphael featuring Aristotle and Plato as central figures.

Robert Campin

Considered the Master of Flémalle, acclaimed for creating the Mérode Altarpiece.

Garden of Earthly Delights

A well-known painting created by Hieronymus Bosch.

Isenheim Altarpiece

An altarpiece created by Matthias Grünewald.

The Large Turf

A watercolor by Albrecht Dürer that portrays minute details of nature.

King Henry VIII

Portrayed by Hans Holbein the Younger, dressed in his wedding clothes to Anne of Cleves.

Mérode Altarpiece

A triptych altarpiece that features the patrons depicted in the left panel.

Giovanni Arnolfini and Giovanna Cenami

A double portrait by Jan van Eyck, in which the artist's reflection can be seen in the mirror at the back.

braghettoni

A term referring to painters who covered the 'offensive' areas of nude figures with drapery, notably in Michelangelo's Last Judgment.

Resurrection by El Greco

A painting that includes distinct mannerist qualities and decorously conceals nudity.

The Calling of Saint Matthew

A painting by Caravaggio located in the Contarelli Chapel of San Luigi dei Francesi in Rome.

Judith and Holofernes

A biblical story painted in five separate versions by Artemisia Gentileschi.

View of Haarlem from the Dunes of Overveen

Considered a ‘landscape’ painting.

The Dancing Couple

A genre scene painted by Jan Steen.

Marie de’ Medici at Marseilles

A painting by Peter Paul Rubens depicting the arrival and reception of Marie de’ Medici.

Arcadian Shepherds

A painting created by Nicolas Poussin.

The Raft of the Medusa

A painting by Theodore Gericault that features a figure modeled after Eugene Delacroix.

Impression: Sunrise

A painting by Claude Monet that significantly contributed to naming the Impressionist movement.

Luncheon of the Boating Party

A painting by August Renoir that reflects his preference to paint crowd scenes.

A Sunday on La Grande Jatte

A painting by Georges Seurat, known for its pointillist style depicting Parisians enjoying an island in the Seine.

impasto

A technique utilized by Vincent van Gogh in his painting Night Café.

Les Demoiselles d’ Avignon

A notorious painting by Pablo Picasso that challenged traditional views of art.

Cubism

An art movement born out of collaboration between Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque.

Ballet First Position

Heels touching, feet forming a straight line.

Ballet Second Position

Heels wide apart, feet forming a straight line.

Ballet Third Position

One foot in front of the other with heel against the instep.

Ballet Fourth Position

Feet apart, one foot in front of the other, heels in line.

Ballet Fifth Position

One foot in front of the other with the heel against the joint of the big toe.