highlight colors are based on topic: green: climate zones blue: major rivers purple: seas and oceans surrounding Africa yellow: major deserts red: large-scale societies/empires
deserts
most of top of Africa, southwest coast
semiarid
below the Sahara (Sahel)
savanna grasslands
under the Sahel and east central Africa
tropical rainforests
west central Africa
Mediterranean zone
east half of Morocco, tip of Algeria
Niger
Congo
Zambezi
Orange
the Nile
the Red Sea
the Mediterranean Sea
the Atlantic Ocean
Indian Ocean
Sahara
Kalahari
Namib
Egypt
Nubia/Kush/Cush
Aksum
in East Africa
Nok
in West Africa
early West African empires (Sudanic/Sahelian)
Ghana, Mali, Songhai