20 important amino acids
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Last updated 1:48 AM on 6/17/26
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35 Terms
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Glycine
3-letter: Gly; 1-letter: G; Hydrophilic; smallest amino acid
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Alanine
3-letter: Ala; 1-letter: A; Hydrophobic
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Valine
3-letter: Val; 1-letter: V; Hydrophobic
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Leucine
3-letter: Leu; 1-letter: L; Hydrophobic
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Isoleucine
3-letter: Ile; 1-letter: I; Hydrophobic
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Proline
3-letter: Pro; 1-letter: P; Hydrophobic; α-imino acid
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Phenylalanine
3-letter: Phe; 1-letter: F; Hydrophobic; aromatic
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Tryptophan
3-letter: Trp; 1-letter: W; Amphipathic; aromatic
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Tyrosine
3-letter: Tyr; 1-letter: Y; Amphipathic; aromatic
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Methionine
3-letter: Met; 1-letter: M; Amphipathic; sulfur-containing
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Serine
3-letter: Ser; 1-letter: S; Hydrophilic; hydroxyl-containing
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Threonine
3-letter: Thr; 1-letter: T; Hydrophilic; hydroxyl-containing
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Cysteine
3-letter: Cys; 1-letter: C; Hydrophilic; sulfur-containing
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Asparagine
3-letter: Asn; 1-letter: N; Hydrophilic; amide
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Glutamine
3-letter: Gln; 1-letter: Q; Hydrophilic; amide
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Aspartic Acid
3-letter: Asp; 1-letter: D; Hydrophilic; acidic; negative at pH 7
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Glutamic Acid
3-letter: Glu; 1-letter: E; Hydrophilic; acidic; negative at pH 7
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Lysine
3-letter: Lys; 1-letter: K; Amphipathic; basic; positive at pH 7
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Arginine
3-letter: Arg; 1-letter: R; Hydrophilic; basic; positive at pH 7
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Histidine
3-letter: His; 1-letter: H; Hydrophilic; basic; partially positive at pH 7
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Hydrophobic amino acids
Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Phe
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Hydrophilic amino acids
Gly, Arg, Asn, Asp, Cys, Glu, Gln, His, Ser, Thr
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Amphipathic amino acids
Lys, Met, Trp, Tyr
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Acidic amino acids
Aspartate (D), Glutamate (E)
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Basic amino acids
Arginine (R), Lysine (K), Histidine (H)
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Small amino acids
Glycine, Alanine, Serine
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Large amino acids
Arginine, Phenylalanine, Tryptophan
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Average MW of a free amino acid
135 Da
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Average MW of an amino acid in a protein
120 Da
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Approximate pKa of amino group
~9
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Approximate pKa of carboxyl group
~2
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Which amino acid is α-imino?
Proline
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Which amino acids are negative at pH 7?
Aspartate and Glutamate
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Which amino acids are positive at pH 7?
Lysine and Arginine
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Which amino acid is partially positive at pH 7?
Histidine