7600 Peds Feeding: Module 2 Notes

What muscle is responsible for lip seal?

Orbicularis oris

Orbicularis oris is responsible for what function?

Lip seal

Where is the hyoid positioned in infants compared to adults?

More anterior and superior

In infants, the hyoid is positioned how?

More anterior and superior

What cranial nerve innervates the masticatory muscles?

CN V Trigeminal

Masticatory muscles are innervated by which cranial nerve?

CN V Trigeminal

What cranial nerve innervates the mylohyoid?

CN V Trigeminal

Mylohyoid is innervated by which cranial nerve?

CN V Trigeminal

What cranial nerve innervates the tensor veli palatini?

CN V Trigeminal

Tensor veli palatini is innervated by which cranial nerve?

CN V Trigeminal

What cranial nerve innervates the anterior belly of the digastric?

CN V Trigeminal

Anterior belly of the digastric is innervated by which cranial nerve?

CN V Trigeminal

What cranial nerve innervates facial muscles?

CN VII Facial

Facial muscles are innervated by which cranial nerve?

CN VII Facial

What cranial nerve innervates the stylohyoid?

CN VII Facial

Stylohyoid is innervated by which cranial nerve?

CN VII Facial

What cranial nerve innervates the posterior belly of the digastric?

CN VII Facial

Posterior belly of the digastric is innervated by which cranial nerve?

CN VII Facial

What cranial nerve innervates the stylopharyngeus?

CN IX Glossopharyngeal

Stylopharyngeus is innervated by which cranial nerve?

CN IX Glossopharyngeal

What cranial nerve innervates the levator veli palatini?

CN X Vagus

Levator veli palatini is innervated by which cranial nerve?

CN X Vagus

What cranial nerve innervates the palatopharyngeus?

CN X Vagus

Palatopharyngeus is innervated by which cranial nerve?

CN X Vagus

What cranial nerve innervates the salpingopharyngeus?

CN X Vagus

Salpingopharyngeus is innervated by which cranial nerve?

CN X Vagus

What cranial nerve innervates the intrinsic laryngeal muscles?

CN X Vagus

Intrinsic laryngeal muscles are innervated by which cranial nerve?

CN X Vagus

What cranial nerve innervates the cricopharyngeus?

CN X Vagus

Cricopharyngeus is innervated by which cranial nerve?

CN X Vagus

What cranial nerve innervates the pharyngeal constrictors?

CN X Vagus

Pharyngeal constrictors are innervated by which cranial nerve?

CN X Vagus

What cranial nerve innervates intrinsic tongue muscles?

CN XII Hypoglossal

Intrinsic tongue muscles are innervated by which cranial nerve?

CN XII Hypoglossal

What cranial nerve innervates the hyoglossus?

CN XII Hypoglossal

Hyoglossus is innervated by which cranial nerve?

CN XII Hypoglossal

What cranial nerve innervates the geniohyoid?

CN XII Hypoglossal

Geniohyoid is innervated by which cranial nerve?

CN XII Hypoglossal

What cranial nerve innervates the genioglossus?

CN XII Hypoglossal

Genioglossus is innervated by which cranial nerve?

CN XII Hypoglossal

What cranial nerve innervates the styloglossus?

CN XII Hypoglossal

Styloglossus is innervated by which cranial nerve?

CN XII Hypoglossal

What cranial nerve innervates the thyrohyoid?

CN XII Hypoglossal

Thyrohyoid is innervated by which cranial nerve?

CN XII Hypoglossal

In infants, what anatomical structure touches the soft palate?

Epiglottis

The epiglottis touching the soft palate is characteristic of which age group?

Infants

What happens to the larynx as humans grow?

Descends lower in the neck

What happens to the pharynx as humans grow?

Gets longer vertically

What dental characteristic is present in infants?

No teeth erupted

What is the shape of the hard palate in infants?

Flatter

What does the epiglottis no longer do as the neck elongates?

Touch the soft palate

What phase of swallowing begins when food/liquid is presented to the oral cavity?

Oral prep stage

What is the oral prep stage defined as?

Food presented to oral cavity, bolus formed

What are the key actions of the oral prep stage?

Chewing, bolus formation, salivation

What does the oral prep stage require adequately?

Lip closure, tongue coordination, saliva management, jaw movement

What movement pattern does adult chewing involve?

Rotary chewing

What is rotary chewing?

Jaw moves in circular/elliptical pattern alternating sides

What muscles produce jaw elevation during rotary chewing?

Masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid

What muscles produce jaw depression during rotary chewing?

Lateral pterygoid, anterior digastric, mylohyoid

What muscles produce lateral jaw movements during rotary chewing?

Contralateral lateral pterygoid, ipsilateral medial pterygoid

What muscle produces jaw protrusion?

Lateral pterygoid

What muscles produce jaw retraction?

Temporalis, masseter

What is the function of lingual lateralization?

Moves food to teeth for mastication

What extrinsic tongue muscle protrudes and depresses the tongue?

Genioglossus

What extrinsic tongue muscle retracts and elevates the posterior tongue?

Styloglossus

What extrinsic tongue muscle depresses the tongue?

Hyoglossus

What intrinsic tongue muscle elevates the tongue tip?

Superior longitudinal

What intrinsic tongue muscle lowers the tongue tip?

Inferior longitudinal

What intrinsic tongue muscle narrows the tongue?

Transverse

What intrinsic tongue muscle flattens the tongue?

Vertical

What cranial nerve innervates all tongue muscles?

CN XII Hypoglossal

What are the three salivary glands?

Parotid, submandibular, sublingual

What type of secretion does the parotid gland produce?

Serous

What type of secretion do the sublingual glands produce?

Mixed

What cranial nerves innervate the salivary glands?

IX and VII

What are the four functions of saliva?

Lubrication, bolus formation, digestion, oral health

What muscle keeps the bolus from falling into the cheeks during mastication?

Buccinator

What is the role of the buccinator during oral prep?

Maintains cheek tension, prevents bolus pocketing

What is the role of CN V during mastication?

Motor to jaw muscles, sensory to face/oral cavity

What provides taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue?

CN VII Facial

What provides taste from the posterior one-third of the tongue?

CN IX Glossopharyngeal

What is xerostomia?

Insufficient saliva

What is the oral transit stage?

Propulsion of bolus from anterior to posterior tongue to pharyngeal wall

What cranial nerve controls tongue propulsion during oral transit?

CN XII Hypoglossal

What begins during oral transit in anticipation of nasopharyngeal closure?

Soft palate elevation

What muscle elevates the soft palate?

Levator veli palatini

What muscle tenses the soft palate?

Tensor veli palatini

What muscle lowers the soft palate or raises the posterior tongue?

Palatoglossus

What cranial nerve innervates the levator veli palatini?

CN X Vagus

What cranial nerve innervates the tensor veli palatini?

CN V Trigeminal

What cranial nerve innervates the palatoglossus?

CN X Vagus

Where is the swallow reflex triggered?

Anterior faucial pillars

What sensory nerves detect the bolus and trigger the swallow reflex?

CN V, VII, IX

What provides general sensation to the anterior oral cavity?

CN V

What provides taste and sensation to the posterior one-third of tongue and faucial pillars?

CN IX

What are the three key actions of the pharyngeal phase?

Velopharyngeal closure, laryngeal elevation, bolus propulsion

What muscle elevates the soft palate during velopharyngeal closure?

Levator veli palatini

What muscle brings the posterior pharyngeal wall forward during velopharyngeal closure?

Superior pharyngeal constrictor

What initiates pharyngeal constriction?

Superior pharyngeal constrictor

What continues the bolus down during pharyngeal constriction?

Middle pharyngeal constrictor