human growth final exam

Development

Pattern of movement or change that begins at conception and continues through the life span

Developmental periods

Involves growth, maintenance, and regulation of loss.

Apgar scale

widely used to assess the health of newborns at one and five minutes after birth.

Is 3 on the apgar scale good?

NO

Peak physical performance

22

age of biological decline

30’s

Hormones

powerful chemical substances secreted by endocrine glands and carried by the bloodstream.

Testerone

hormone associated in boys with the development of the genitals, increased height, and deepening of the voice.

Estrogen

a type of the hormone estrogen associated in girls with breast, uterine, and skeletal development.

Pre frontal cortex

The “judgment system” that reigns in intense emotions. Not fully developed until the mid-late 20’s

Gender roles

sets of expectations that prescribe how females or males should think, act, and feel.

Health Compromising Behaviors

behaviors that can compromise health

Health-Enhancing Behaviors

behaviors that enhance health

Adolescent Health Behaviors are impacted by

their social environment.

Anorexia nervosa

involves a relentless pursuit of thinness through starvation.

Bulimia nervosa

involves a consistent binge-and-purge eating pattern.

Binge eating disorder (BED)

involves frequent binge eating but without purging.

Alzheimer’s

a progressive, irreversible brain disorder characterized by gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and physical function.

Parkinson’s

Chronic, progressive disease characterized by muscle tremors, slowed movements, and partial facial paralysis.

egocentrism

inability to distinguish between one’s own perspective and someone else’s perspective

Imaginary Audience

feeling one is the center of attention and sensing one is on stage.

Personal fable:

sense of personal uniqueness and invincibility.

The Zone of Proximal Development

the range of tasks that are too difficult for children to master alone but that can be learned with guidance/assistance from adults or more-skilled children.

Scoffolding

temporary support a teacher provides to a student to help them learn a new skill or concept

Language

form of communication— spoken, written, or signed— based on a system of symbols.

IQ formula

Mental age/Chronological age = x100

Short term memory

retention of information for up to 30s without rehearsal of the information.

Long term memory

relatively permanent, storing huge amounts of information for a long time.

Constructivist Approach

Learner centered. Emphasis on collaboration in which the teacher provides support for students

Direct Instruction Approach

Teacher centered. Emphasizes control, high expectations for student performance, and maximum time spent on academic tasks

Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA)

mandates for children with disabilities

Individualized Educational Plan (IEP)

written statement of a program specifically tailored for students with disability.

inclusion

educating a child with special educational needs full-time in the regular classroom.

Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)

a setting that is as similar as possible to one in which children without a disability are educated

Sternberg’s Triarchic Theory of Intelligence

Analytical Intelligence, Creative Intelligence, and Practical Intelligence

Which type of intelligence does the school system prefer?

Analytical

Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences

Individuals have each type of intelligence to varying degrees and prefer to learn and process information in different ways.

Dyslexia

severe impairment in the ability to read and spell.

Dysgraphia

involves difficulty in handwriting.

Dyscalculia

difficulty in math computation

Attention Hyperactivity Deficit Disorder (ADHD)

a disability in which children consistently show one or more of the following characteristics: Inattention, Hyperactivity, or Impulsivity.

Sociometric Status

how accepted or rejected a peer is based on the ratings of other peers.

Popular children are

frequently nominated as best friend and rarely disliked by peers.

Average children receive

an average number of both positive and negative nominations from peers.

Neglected children are

infrequently nominated as best friend but not disliked by peers.

Rejected children are

infrequently nominated as a best friend and are actively disliked by peers.