Biology: Nucleic Acids and other shit

Three parts of a nucleotide

Sugar with 5 carbon (pentose), phosphate, nitrogenous bases

2 types of nitrogenous bases

Purines and Pyrimidines

How many rings do purines and pyrimidines have

Purines have 2 rings and purimidines have 1 ring

Nitrogen bases names

Adenie, Guanin, Thymine, Cyotosine

Stucture of DNA and Function

Double helix, anti-parallel direction, has deoxyribose, and is the master blueprint

What are Nucleotides and sutrcture of them

Building block of nucleic acids, made of a 5 carbon sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), a nitrogenous base, and 1-3 phosphate groups

Phosphate role in a nucleotide

Structural backbone and side of ladder

Deoxyribose sugar in a nucleotide

C5H10O4, provides stability and flexibilty do double helix

Nitrogenous bases in a nucleotide

form “rungs” of DNA ladder and encodes genetics

What is RNA

Ribonucliec acid, need for coding

RNA structure

single stranded, has ribose sugar, contains uracil which replaces thymine, facilitats protein synthesis

RNA function

specialized work

RNA has…

a greater variety of structures and is linear and folds back on itself to make clover or hairpin formations

Difference between ribose and deoxyribose

Ribose has a hydroxyl group attached to the 2’ (second carbon) in pentose, Deoxyribose has a hydrogen atom attached to the 2’ (second carbon) in pentose

Why is base paring important

Important for replication

Explain ahy the phosphodiester bond gives directionality (3’ - 5’)

because of the numbering and attachemnt of carbons

If a molecule conatain rivose and uracil, what is it

RNA

Other shit for DNA

Hereditary material present prokaryotes, eukaryotes and many viruses

Other shit for RNA

Hereditary material for some viruses. Several forms involved in proteins synthesis

Where are nucliefc acids found

Readily avaliable precursors in cell

Synthesis or nucliec acids (ribose)

Ribose is synthesized from glucose via a biochemical pathway

Synthesis or nucliec acids (pyrimidine)

Pyrimidine is synthesized first and added to ribose

Synthesis or nucliec acids (purine)

Purine is synthesized while attached to the ribose phosphate

Phosphodiester bond

When nucleotides are linked by a phosphate group between the 5’-carbon of one sugar and the 3’ carbon of the next

ATP and GTP

Adenenosine triphosphate and Guanosine triphosphate

What is ATP and GTP functions ??!?!?

Different type of nucliec acid, are Energy units, regulate and adjust cellular activity