Types of Chemical Reactions and Related Concepts

This set of flashcards covers important vocabulary and concepts related to chemical reactions, including different types of reactions and key definitions associated with them.

Chemical Reactions

Processes that involve the transformation of reactants into products, including synthesis, decomposition, single replacement, and double replacement.

Synthesis Reaction

A type of reaction where two or more elements or compounds combine to form a more complex compound, represented as A + B

→ C.

Decomposition Reaction

A reaction in which a compound breaks down into simpler products, represented as AB

→ A + B.

Single Replacement Reaction

A reaction where one element replaces another in a compound, represented as A + BC

→ AC + B.

Double Replacement Reaction

A reaction where two compounds exchange components, represented as AB + CD

→ AD + CB.

Hydrolysis

A reaction involving the use of water to split molecules, often seen in the breakdown of esters.

Hydration

A reaction where water adds across a double bond, converting it into an alcohol.

Dehydration

A reaction that removes water from a substance, typically resulting in the formation of a double bond.

Oxidation

A process that involves the loss of electrons during a reaction.

Reduction

A process that involves the gain of electrons during a reaction.

Redox Reaction

A chemical reaction that involves both oxidation and reduction processes.

Combustion Reaction

An oxidation reaction involving organic compounds that produces carbon dioxide and water.

Oxidizing Agent

A substance that causes oxidation by accepting electrons.

Reducing Agent

A substance that causes reduction by donating electrons.

Exothermic Reaction

A chemical reaction that releases energy, typically in the form of heat, to its surroundings.

Endothermic Reaction

A chemical reaction that absorbs energy from its surroundings, often feeling cold to the touch.

Catalyst

A substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process.

Activation Energy

The minimum amount of energy required to initiate a chemical reaction.