Hormones - production and function

Endocrine System (hormone name - Where produced and function)

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)/Vasopressin

Produced in hypothalamus travels through infundibulum, secreted from posterior pituitary gland.

Regulates water levels in the body, when released it signals kidneys to absorb water.

Oxytocin

Produced in hypothalamus travels through infundibulum, secreted from posterior pituitary gland.

Involved in childbirth and lactation. Regulates uterine contractions in childbirth

Growth Hormone

Produced in the anterior pituitary lobe.

Affects growth and development by:

Stimulates the breakdown of body fat to fatty acids, through lipolysis. Stimulates liver to breakdown glycogen into glucose for blood glucose.

Thyroid Stimulating hormone (TSH)

Produced by anterior pituitary lobe, released in response to thyrotropin releasing hormone.

Stimulates production and secretion of thyroid hormones.

Prolactin (PRL)

Produced in anterior pituitary lobe.

Promotes lactation during pregnancy.

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Produced from anterior pituitary gland.

Stimulates adrenal cortex to release corticosteroid hormones.

Gonadotropins (group/class of hormones)

Produced by anterior pituitary gland.

(LH and FSH)

Hormones which regulate function of gonads.

Leutenising hormone (LH) and Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Gonadotropins

Both produced by anterior pituitary gland.

Control production of sex hormones and production of eggs and sperm.

Thyroxine (T₄)

Produced by thyroid gland.

Influences the body’s basal metabolic rate, and amount of energy used by the body at rest.

Calcitonin

Produced by thyroid gland.

Helps regulate levels of calcium in blood, this is done by reducing reabsorption from kidneys when levels are too high.

Triiodothyronine (T₃)

Produced by thyroid gland.

Influences the body’s basal metabolic rate, and amount of energy used by the body at rest.

Cortisol

Produced by the adrenal cortex (outer).

Responsible for functions including:

Blood sugar regulation. Increases availability of blood glucose to the brain. Acts on liver, muscle, adipose tissue (stored body fat), and pancreas. Inflammation reduction and repair. Metabolism regulation. memory formation.

Aldosterone

Produced by adrenal cortex.

Regulates sodium and potassium concentration. Released in response to elevated blood K+, low Na+, low blood pressure or volume.

Adrenaline/Epinephrine

produced by adrenal medulla.

Contributes to fight or flight response:

increased heart rate and BP, blood vessel constriction in skin and GI tract, smooth muscle dilation, dilating capillaries and bronchioles, increased metabolism.

Noradrenaline/Norepinephrine

(Same as adrenaline)

Produced by adrenal medulla.

Contributes to fight or flight response:

increased heart rate and BP, blood vessel constriction in skin and GI tract, smooth muscle dilation, dilating capillaries and bronchioles, increased metabolism.

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) - RF

Secreted by hypothalamus.

Signals pituitary to produce ACTH.

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) - RF

Secreted by hypothalamus.

stimulates pituitary to release (TSH).

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) - RF

Secreted by hypothalamus

Stimulates pituitary to produce reproductive hormones.

Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) - RF

Secreted by hypothalamus

Stimulates pituitary to produce growth hormone (GH)

Melatonin

Produced by pineal gland, in response to darkness

Induces sleep and fatigue/drowsiness.

Parathyroid Hormone/Parathymone (PTH)

Secreted by parathyroid gland, in response to low blood calcium.

To regulate blood calcium by increasing blood calcium.

Glucagon

Produced by pancreas.

Raises blood glucose/sugar by stimulating glycogen to glucose and it also stimulates fat break down in liver adipose.

Insulin

Produced by pancreas.

Lowers blood glucose/sugar, by instructing cells to remove glucose from blood and also by stimulating glucose to glycogen

Hypothalamus

Pineal Gland

Pituitary Gland

Adrenal Medulla

Adrenal Cortex

Order of hormone release starting with TRH, releasing factor

Starting with thyrotropin-releasing hormone

Order of hormone release starting with CRH, releasing factor

Starting with corticotropin-releasing hormone

Order of hormone release starting with GHRH, releasing factor

Starting with growth hormone releasing hormone

Order of hormone release starting with GnRH

Starting with gonadotropin-releasing hormone

Pancreas

Thymus

Thyroid

Anterior pituitary lobe/gland

Posterior pituitary gland/lobe