some history test

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Who was the first president elected under the new federal system?

George Washington

Who served as the first vice-president?

John Adams

What is the term for a representative government or indirect democracy?

Republicanism

When did the new federalist government take effect?

March 4, 1789

What is the principle that the national government gets its power from the citizens?

Popular Sovereignty

What is the term for government restricted to only those powers granted by the Constitution?

Limited Government

What does Separation of Powers refer to?

Dividing the government into three branches to prevent any one part from becoming dictatorial.

What is Federalism?

The sharing of power between national and state governments.

What are Checks and Balances?

The system where each branch can limit the power of the others.

What does Republicanism safeguard?

Democracy by having people rule themselves through elected representatives.

What are Expressed (Enumerated) Powers?

Powers specifically written and listed in the Constitution.

What are Implied Powers?

Powers not explicitly written but understood to exist based on the Necessary and Proper Clause.

What are Concurrent Powers?

Powers held simultaneously by both the national and state governments (e.g., taxing).

What are Prohibited (Denied) Powers?

Powers specifically forbidden to both national and state governments.

What are Delegated Powers?

A broad term for all powers granted to the national government.

What are Reserved Powers?

Powers not given to the national government that are kept by the states (10th Amendment).

What are Inherent Powers?

Powers that naturally belong to any sovereign national government.

What is the source of Implied Powers?

The Necessary and Proper Clause (or Elastic Clause).

What are the presidential requirements?

At least 35 years old, native-born citizen, lived in U.S. for at least 14 years.

What did Massachusetts want added to the Constitution before joining?

Bill of Rights

What is a Strict Constructionist?

One who interprets the Constitution narrowly or even literally.

What is a Loose Constructionist?

One who interprets the Constitution broadly by using implication, inference, and suggestion.

Who did the most conservative patriotic Americans want to control the government?

The educated elite.

Under the Virginia Plan, representation in Congress would be based on…

Population.

Under the Articles of Confederation, how many votes did each state have in Congress?

One vote.

What were two major weaknesses of the national government under the Articles of Confederation?

No power to tax & No power to regulate interstate trade.

What task did Congress assign the 55 men who met in Philadelphia in 1787?

To tweak the Articles of Confederation (not write a new constitution).

How many states were required to ratify the Constitution before it would take effect?

9.

What 1787 event proved to the business community that the U.S. needed a stronger national government?

Shays' Rebellion.

Did the framers use 'flexible' language to allow for unknowns in the future?

True.

What law transferred Northwest Territory land from government to private sector?

Land Ordinance of 1785.

What law created a way for new states to be added to the Union?

Northwest Ordinance of 1787.

What was the Anti-Federalists' #1 reason for opposing ratification?

The document lacked a bill of rights.

What was the Federalists' #1 reason for supporting ratification?

They wanted a strong national government.

Under the New Jersey Plan, each state would have how many votes in Congress?

One vote.

Under the Articles of Confederation, how many states had to approve an amendment?

All of the states.

Which plan most resembled the Articles of Confederation?

The New Jersey Plan.

Where did Anti-Federalists believe most governing power should reside?

The state level.

What compromise gave slave states more seats in Congress and more taxes?

The Three-Fifths Compromise.

Who led a 1787 rebellion of farmers in Massachusetts?

Daniel Shays.

What are the three branches of government in the U.S. system?

Legislative, Executive, Judicial.

What are the two levels of government in a federal system?

Nation (Federal) and State.

How many amendments are in the Bill of Rights?

10.

What is a Confederate government?

National level has little authority; local/state level possesses most authority.

What is a Unitary government?

National level possesses most authority; local/state level has little authority.

What is a Federal government?

National and state levels share authority.

What is a Unicameral legislature?

One-house legislature.

What is a Bicameral legislature?

Two-house legislature.

What was the first constitution of the U.S.?

Articles of Confederation.

What legal document created a federal government in the U.S.?

U.S. Constitution.

Who opposed ratification of the Constitution?

Anti-Federalists.

Who supported ratification of the Constitution?

Federalists.

What was the plan by James Madison that proposed three branches and representation based on population?

Virginia Plan.

What was the plan by William Paterson that proposed one branch with equal representation for all states?

New Jersey Plan.

What was the compromise by Roger Sherman that established a bicameral legislature?

Great Compromise.

Who wrote the Articles of Confederation?

John Dickinson.

Who wrote the U.S. Constitution?

James Madison.

Who was the president of the Constitutional Convention?

George Washington.

Who was the most ambitious member at the Convention and wanted a government based on the British model?

Alexander Hamilton.

Who did not attend the Convention due to being the ambassador to France?

Thomas Jefferson.

Who did not attend the Convention because he was ambassador to Britain?

John Adams.

Who was the senior member at the Constitutional Convention?

Benjamin Franklin.

What event catalyzed the Constitutional Convention?

Shays' Rebellion.

What are The Federalist Papers?

A series of 85 essays by Madison, Hamilton, and Jay.