functional groups

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Last updated 12:00 AM on 4/11/26
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11 Terms

1
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water soluble primary and secondary alcohols

N/A for litmus test, so neutral compound

(-) 2,4-DNP

(+) Jones

no cloudiness until after an hour (1)- Lucas Test

cloudiness in about 5 minutes (2)- Lucas test

2
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water insoluble primary and secondary alcohols

(-) 5% NaOH

(-) 5% HCl

(-) 2,4-DNP

(+) Jones

(-) Iodoform test

3
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secondary 2-alkanol

water soluble

  • N/A for litmus test, so neutral compound

water insoluble

  • (-) 5% NaOH

  • (-) 5% HCl

(-) 2,4-DNP

(+) Jones

(+) Iodoform test

4
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water soluble tertiary alcohols

N/A for litmus test, so neutral compound

(-) 2,4-DNP

(+) Jones

(+) Cerium (IV) nitrate test

(+) Lucas test→ instant cloudiness

5
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aldehydes

water soluble

  • N/A for litmus test, so neutral compound

water insoluble

  • (-) 5% NaOH

  • (-) 5% HCl

(+) 2,4-DNP

(+) Jones test

6
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amines

primary, secondary, and tertiary

water soluble

  • (+) litmus test→ red to blue (basic compound)

water-insoluble

  • (-) 5% NaOH

  • (+) 5% HCl

7
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carboxylic acids

water soluble

  • (+) litmus test→ blue to red (acidic compound)

water-insoluble

  • (+) 5% NaOH

  • (+) 5% NaHCO3

8
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esters

water soluble

  • N/A for litmus test, so neutral compound

water-insoluble

  • (-) 5% NaOH

  • (-) 5% HCl

(-) 2,4-DNP

(-) Jones test

(-) Cerium (IV) nitrate test

(+) Alkaline Iron (III) Hydroxamate test

9
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2-alkanone

water soluble

  • N/A for litmus test, so neutral compound

water-insoluble

  • (-) 5% NaOH

  • (-) 5% HCl

(+) 2,4-DNP test

(-) Jones test

(+) Iodoform test

10
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ketones

water soluble

  • N/A for litmus test, so neutral compound

water-insoluble

  • (-) 5% NaOH

  • (-) 5% HCl

(+) 2,4-DNP

(-) Jones test

11
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phenols

(-) H2O

(+) 5% NaOH

(-) 5% NaHCO3

(+) Cerium (IV) nitrate test

(+) Iron (III) Chloride test

(+) Decolorization of Br2/CH2Cl2 solution test