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water soluble primary and secondary alcohols
N/A for litmus test, so neutral compound
(-) 2,4-DNP
(+) Jones
no cloudiness until after an hour (1)- Lucas Test
cloudiness in about 5 minutes (2)- Lucas test
water insoluble primary and secondary alcohols
(-) 5% NaOH
(-) 5% HCl
(-) 2,4-DNP
(+) Jones
(-) Iodoform test
secondary 2-alkanol
water soluble
N/A for litmus test, so neutral compound
water insoluble
(-) 5% NaOH
(-) 5% HCl
(-) 2,4-DNP
(+) Jones
(+) Iodoform test
water soluble tertiary alcohols
N/A for litmus test, so neutral compound
(-) 2,4-DNP
(+) Jones
(+) Cerium (IV) nitrate test
(+) Lucas test→ instant cloudiness
aldehydes
water soluble
N/A for litmus test, so neutral compound
water insoluble
(-) 5% NaOH
(-) 5% HCl
(+) 2,4-DNP
(+) Jones test
amines
primary, secondary, and tertiary
water soluble
(+) litmus test→ red to blue (basic compound)
water-insoluble
(-) 5% NaOH
(+) 5% HCl
carboxylic acids
water soluble
(+) litmus test→ blue to red (acidic compound)
water-insoluble
(+) 5% NaOH
(+) 5% NaHCO3
esters
water soluble
N/A for litmus test, so neutral compound
water-insoluble
(-) 5% NaOH
(-) 5% HCl
(-) 2,4-DNP
(-) Jones test
(-) Cerium (IV) nitrate test
(+) Alkaline Iron (III) Hydroxamate test
2-alkanone
water soluble
N/A for litmus test, so neutral compound
water-insoluble
(-) 5% NaOH
(-) 5% HCl
(+) 2,4-DNP test
(-) Jones test
(+) Iodoform test
ketones
water soluble
N/A for litmus test, so neutral compound
water-insoluble
(-) 5% NaOH
(-) 5% HCl
(+) 2,4-DNP
(-) Jones test
phenols
(-) H2O
(+) 5% NaOH
(-) 5% NaHCO3
(+) Cerium (IV) nitrate test
(+) Iron (III) Chloride test
(+) Decolorization of Br2/CH2Cl2 solution test