Success Challenges Monarchs- Absolute & Constitutional

This set of flashcards focuses on key terms and concepts related to the historical context of absolute and constitutional monarchies, particularly during the reigns of Elizabeth I, James I, Charles I, and the events surrounding the English Civil War and Glorious Revolution.

Elizabeth I

Queen of England known for her exploration policies, particularly with the New World and the establishment of the British East India Company.

Act of Uniformity

Legislation that established the Church of England as the official religion, though Elizabeth prioritized loyalty over religious adherence.

Mary Queen of Scots

Claimed by Catholics in England and Scotland as the rightful heir to the English throne, her execution angered Philip II of Spain.

Divine Right of Kings

Political doctrine that monarchs derive their authority directly from God and are not accountable to the people.

Petition of Right

A document requiring the monarch to obtain Parliament's consent for taxes, forbidding imprisonment without cause, and other rights.

English Civil War

Conflict between the Roundheads, led by Oliver Cromwell, and the Cavaliers that resulted in the execution of Charles I.

Oliver Cromwell

Leader of the Roundheads and military dictator known as Lord Protector after defeating King Charles I.

Habeas Corpus

Legal principle requiring evidence to justify imprisonment, established under Charles II.

Glorious Revolution

The bloodless overthrow of James II, leading to the establishment of William and Mary as constitutional monarchs.

English Bill of Rights

Legislation that restricted the power of the monarchy and prohibited abuses of power.

Constitutional Monarchy

A system of governance where the monarch's powers are limited by law and balanced by an elected parliament.