Social Studies 10-1 Final Exam

Aboriginals

-Globalization has forced Aboriginals to change

-First Nations are often ignored in global decisions

-Assimilation becomes more prominent because of globalization

Accommodation

A process that occurs when people from different cultures come into contact and accept and create space for another. The customs, traditions, technologies, beliefs, and languages of both cultures may be affected.

Acculturation

The cultural changes that occur when two cultures accommodate, or adapt to, each other's worldviews.

Adam Smith

European philosopher that believed individual independence and freedom - governments should have little control over their citizens daily life.

Anti-globalization

A movement that criticizes the power of transnational corporations and its related capitalism.

Assimilation

A process that occurs when the culture of a minority group is absorbed by another culture. The cultural identity of the minority group disappears as its member take on the identity of the other culture.

Bias

a prejudiced view (either for or against); a preference

Bretton Woods Conference

-Two main ideas on how to run a country and its trade were formed.

*More government intervention (social programs)

*Free trade (capitalism)

-IMF and WB were formed.

Capitalism

An economic system that advocates free trade, competition, and choice as a means of achieving prosperity.

Collective Identity

What a person identifies themselves with - a family, a culture, a group, an area can all be part of a person's collective identity.

Collective

A group to which a person belongs and identifies with.

Colonial Expansion

Expanding an empire by taking over other places in the world.

-Shapes the world we live in today

*Canada was created due to Colonial Expansion

Colonialism

A system in which a country finds and takes over land for economic/military power.

-The begin the globalization can be linked to his.

Communication

Sharing and interacting.

-Globalization is built upon interacting and sharing ideas with everyone

Consumer Activism

Consumers influencing corporate policies by changing the way they buy things.

-The global community can work together to change what a transnational can do

Containerization

The transporting of goods in standard-sized shipping containers.

-Allows products to be effectively shipped all over the world

Contemporary Issues

Issues that affect today's society.

Cooperation

Working together

-The global world often cooperate in order to make bigger change

*Poverty

*Environmental concern

*Trade

Cultural Contact

situation that occurs when two societies with different cultures somehow come into contact with each other

-Many cultures clash together to either change or be assimilated due to Globalization

Cultural Diversity

Variety in cultures and identities

-Very prominent in the globalized world.

Cultural Identity

How a culture sees itself compare to others.

-Many cultural identity meet due to globalization, they also change due to globalization.

Cultural Pluralism

The idea that a variety of peoples are free to affirm and promote their customs, traditions, beliefs, and language within a society.

-Canada is a good example where this happens.

Cultural Revitalization

The process of affirming and promoting people's individual and collective cultural identity.

-First Nations are doing this

Democratization

the process of creating a government elected by the people

-Usually due to pressures of outside sources or organizations

Depopulation

A reduction in population caused by natural or human-made forces.

-Wars, epidemic, catastrophic events.

Diversification

the act of introducing variety of goods, ideas, or cultures.

-Globalization allows for the diversification of goods ideas and cultures.

Economic

Anything to do with money, jobs, commerce.

-Economics is now heavily affected by globalization, changes can cascade through many areas of the world.

Economic Globalization

The spread of trade, transplantation, and communication systems around the world in the interests or promoting worldwide commerce.

Economic Growth

To be able to:

-create a sustainable economy

-encourage innovation and productivity

-maintain high levels of employment

Economic Interdependence

Economies which rely on other countries and their economies.

-Most economies today are now interdependent.

Economic Isolationism

Attempting to limit exports and imports with tariffs and other government implemented controls.

-Not many countries are successful in this aspect due to international committees

Economic Prosperity

Economy becoming stable at a favorable time - the whole country's growth is steady and sustainable.

Emigration

To move out of an area as your home.

-Emigration is easier than before, transportation is easier.

Employment Issues

retention, turnover, early retirement, termination, employment-at-will, wrongful discharge

Environmental Interdependence

The whole world connected together in terms of how we each affect each others' environment.

-The World has to work together for environmental sustainability due to this

Environmental Legislation

Bills, regulations, and laws directed towards the preservation of the environment.

Environmental Sustainability

The ability to re-use resources from the environment indefinitely.

Epidemics

widespread outbreaks of disease.

-More prominent due to the ease of transportation and global interactions.

Ethnic Heritage

a way of life or tradition passed on from one generation to the next

-Often changed due to globalization, new ideas are adopted or integrated to old traditions.

Eurocentric

Description to someone or something values European ethics, ideas, religions, and linguistics.

-The colonists of the world were largely Eurocentric, thus wiping out many aboriginal groups.

Eurocentrism

A form of ethnocentrism that uses European ethnic, national, religious, and linguistic criteria to judge other peoples and their cultures.

-Many other cultures were assimilated or destroy due to this when colonialism was at large.

Expanding Colonies

Expanding due to colonialism - outposts (colonies) were set up to claim space for the home country.

Foreign Aid

Money, supplies, and other goods, as well as expertise, given by one country to another.

-Much foreign Aid occurs today, globalization links the whole world together.

Foreign Investment

Investments targeting other countries, usually either expanding their market or outsourcing.

-Creates a linked economy in our world.

GATT (WTO)

The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade - formed after Bretton Woods to create trade rules and remove barriers of trade for shared prosperity and economic globalization.

-This also led to the creation of the WTO.

Genocide

The mass killing of human beings, especially a targeted group of people.

-UN attempts to find these situations, in the past they have failed to do so.

Global Citizenship

Each person being part of the global community.

-No one can be completely isolated from the rest of the world anymore.

Global Identity

Who we are in the global world and how do we effect others in the world.

-Includes working, shopping, communicating, reading, posting etc.

Global Issues

Issues that effect widespread amounts and people and areas. Often world changing when resolved.

-WWI, WWII, Genocides, Global Warming

Global Warming

The increase of the world's global average temperature due to the enhanced greenhouse effect.

-A global issue.

Globalization

The movement towards more interdependence and interconnectedness of our whole world due to economic, social, and environmental needs.

Government Assistance

This refers to various forms of aid a government provides firms and individuals to support commercial activities.

-Often to help globalized trade and help their country compete.

Great Depression

In 1930s, an economic depression occurred after a economic high. A global immediate drop in economies - chain reaction of losing money, spending less, companies getting less money.

Historical Globalization

Events in the past that affect globalization today - often are global issues.

-WWI, WWII, colonization of NA, independence of many countries

Homogenization

The erasing of differences. When this term is applied to people, it often refers to the erasing of cultural differences so that peoples become more and more similar.

-Unfortunate courses of action destroying certain cultures.

Human Rights

Concepts or things that all humans should have no matter their situation.

-UN has created a general outline for it, other countries have their own version of it, some do not at all.

Hutus

The group committing the genocide during the Rwandan Genocide.

Human Rights Watch

Advocate group that looks to bring bring human rights to countries around the world. They bring information to public eye and hope to persuade the public to pressure for change.

Hybridization

The combining of elements of two or more different things to create something new.

-Occurs often in globalized world.

Identity

Who someone is, usually affected by world events, other people, culture, prominent ideas.

IMF

International Monetary Fund

-Created after the Bretton Woods Conference

-Provide emergency loans

-Demand reforms in countries to promote good governance and to rid of corruption.

Imperialism

One country's domination over another country's economic, political, and cultural institutions.

-Practiced by European countries in colonization.

Imperialists

Supporters of Imperialism.

-Usually those in European countries looking to colonize and take over other areas.

Standard of Living

Overall levels of wealth, happiness, comfort, material goods and necessities available to a certain socioeconomic class.

-Different from Quality of Life because it looks at things like happiness

Indigenous

Things or concepts that originate in an area.

-Often affected by historical globalization

Indigenous People

People that originate in an area.

-Often affected by historical globalization

Individual Identity

A single person's identity away contrasting collective identity.

-Usually affected by collective identity and globalization.

Industrialization

The change into using machines to do most of the labor work. Also changes towards factories instead of workshops.

Integration

the action of incorporating a racial or religious group into a community.

-Opposite of homogenization.

International Agreements

Rules set up by the international community that all member countries are to abide by.

-Only available in globalization.

International Organization

Groups such as UN, WTO, or WHO consisting of members from all over the world focused on one group of issues.

International Trade

The importing and exporting of goods across boarders.

John Maynard Keynes

A British Economist that predicted the reparations on Germany after WWI would create problems.

-He also believes a countries government should have a larger hand in trade and economics.

Knowledge Economy

Businesses and individuals who use research, education, new ideas, and new information technologies for practical purposes.

Language

Often shapes a person's identity, linked to family, area, and ethnic values.

Legislation

the act of making or enacting laws

Linguistics

the study of the nature, structure, and variation of language.

-Usually languages reflect that culture's unique identity.

Linguistic Identity

How a language reflects a person's identity. Usually with slang or language specific terms.

Low Birth Rates

Usually caused by different conditions for raising a child and causes the average population to become older.

Marginalization

Groups lacking desirable traits are excluded from society. These groups include poor, uneducated, undesirable color and language. These groups will stay out of acceptance by society unless there is social intervention.

Media Technologies

Different developments that change how media is presented and how widespread it becomes.

-Globalization with communication technology largely relies on media

Members of NAFTA

Mexico, USA, Canada

Members of G8

Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom and the United States. The European Union is also represented.

Members of the World Bank

188 Countries, although mostly controlled by a few larger countries. USA for example.

Mercantilism

A policy followed by European imperial powers for the 16-19th century. In colonies, trade was strictly controlled to benefit the economy of the imperial power.

Mercantilists

Traders; believed that a country could prosper by strictly controlling trade to benefit the imperial power.

Migration

The movement of people from one country to another.

Immigration is much more prominent in the global world today because of ease of travel.

Milton Friedman

He believed heavily in a market economy. Market Economy supposedly will allow the people to prosper and adapt to change effectively.

NAFTA

North American Free Trade Agreement - It opened up the borders between the three countries involved to freely trade free of tariffs and other regulations.

National Bilingualism

A country having two official languages.

-Embracing the idea of a varied world and integration.

National Identity

How one identifies themselves within their country. Different aspects that come from their country.

Natural Disasters

Uncontrollable events that can challenge global response. Global organizations are often called-in to help.

NGOs

Non-government organization. Can be focused in one country or across the world. Allows the general public to make change together.

Non-renewable Energy

Unsustainable forms of energy. Creates a problem of using too much energy using up out energy sources - global problem.

Oral History

History being passed down through generations by speaking. Usually used by aboriginals that lack written language.

Outsourcing

A business strategy that involves reducing cost by using suppliers of products and services in countries where labor is cheaper and government regulations may be less strict.

Pandemic

An epidemic that spreads around the world and poses a serious threat because of people's ability to travel farther and faster.

Personal Identity

Ones identity built upon experiences, viewpoints, and knowledge. Unaffected by others.

Political

Of or relating to governing a country and its choices in the global world.

Privatization

Taking a public service and allowing a single company to have control over it - turning it into a business.