Introduction to Asian Religions: Hinduism Study Guide

These flashcards contain essential vocabulary and definitions related to Hinduism from the study guide for the upcoming test.

Vedas

The earliest and oldest sacred texts in Hinduism, passed down orally, with no known author.

Upanishads

Secret teachings revealing the nature of ultimate reality, intended for those with high levels of qualification.

Brahman

The absolute, the highest essence and ultimate reality of the cosmos.

Atman

The individual self or deepest essence of a person.

Vaishnavism

A sect of Hinduism practiced by followers of Vishnu, characterized by devotion to this deity.

Shaivism

A sect of Hinduism practiced by followers of Shiva, symbolizing renunciation and the ideal yogi.

Shaktism

A sect of Hinduism practiced by followers of Devi, focusing on the divine feminine power.

Dharma

Duty, virtue, righteousness, and ethics that guide moral behavior.

Karma

Action that influences the cycle of rebirth and affects one's future states of existence.

Samsara

The continuous cycle of rebirth that individuals go through until they attain liberation.

Moksha

Liberation from the cycle of rebirth, achieved by realizing the true nature of the self.

Yoga

Spiritual discipline or method for reaching liberation; includes various forms such as karma-yoga and bhakti-yoga.

Guru

A spiritual teacher or master who guides students in their religious practices.

Mantra

Sacred utterances or phrases believed to have transformational potency.

Puja

Rituals performed in the home or temple to express devotion to a deity or spiritual teacher.

Deepavali (Diwali)

The festival of lights in Hinduism, celebrating the goddess Lakshmi and symbolizing the victory of light over darkness.