Peristalis

Peristalsis

Wave‑like contractions of muscles that move food along the alimentary canal

Circular muscles

Muscles that contract to narrow the gut

Longitudinal muscles

Muscles that contract to shorten the gut

Bolus

A ball of chewed food

Alimentary canal

Tube through which food travels during digestion

Mechanical movement

Physical movement of food without enzymes

What is peristalsis?

Wave‑like muscle contractions that push food along the gut

Which two muscle layers cause peristalsis?

Circular muscles and longitudinal muscles

What happens when circular muscles contract?

The gut narrows behind the food

What happens when longitudinal muscles contract?

The gut shortens and widens in front of the food

What is the purpose of peristalsis?

To move food through the digestive system

Does peristalsis require enzymes?

No

Does peristalsis require energy?

Yes, from muscle contraction

Where does peristalsis occur?

Throughout the alimentary canal (oesophagus → anus)

What is the bolus?

A ball of chewed food moved by peristalsis

Why is peristalsis important even when lying down?

It moves food independently of gravity

Which muscles relax when circular muscles contract?

Longitudinal muscles

Which muscles relax when longitudinal muscles contract?

Circular muscles

What type of digestion is peristalsis?

Mechanical digestion