Bio: Unit 7 STUDY GUIDE

principle organs of system?

2 kidneys/2 ureters/1 bladder/1 urethera

functions of kidneys?

filtering blood plasma/regulating blood volume/regulating pH/secreting erythropoietin/creating hormone (calcitriol/vitamin D)/detoxifying some drugs

metabolic waste?

produced by body

nitrogenous waste?

most toxic metabolic waste

by-product of protein metabolism?

urea

protein breakdown produces?

ammonia which is converted to urea by liver

hilum of kidney?

concave slit where it receives renal vessels/nerves/ureters

renal cortex?

outer rind of kidney

medulla of kidney?

inner tissue

pyramids?

renal cortex divided into 6-10 triangular tissue

minor calyx?

apex of pyramid nestles in smaller cup (collects urine)

major calyx?

minor calyx drains into

renal pelvis?

funnel-like collector for urine

renal artery comes directly off of?

aorta

nephron?

urine-forming functional units of kidneys

renal corpuscle?

filters blood plasma/made up of ball of capillaries

glomerus?

ball of capillaries

bowman’s capsule?

2-layered glomerular capsule

collecting duct?

duct that leads away from capsule

PCT (proximal convoluted tubule)?

compact coiled tube

nephron loop?

very permeable to water

DCT (distal convoluted tubule)?

end of nephron

CD (collecting duct)?

principal function of it is to conserve water

GF (glomerular filtration)?

blood plasma is filtered

TR (tubular reabsorption)?

reclaims H2O/solutes/returns to blood

TS (tubular secretion)?

secretion of urea/uric acid/bile acids/ammonia

water conservation?

to prevent excess water loss/maintain fluid balance

ureter?

tube that carries urine form kidney to bladder

bladder?

hollow/muscular storage area for urine (holds 500 ml)

glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

amount of filtrate formed per minute by 2 kidneys combined

female glomerular filtration rate?

105 mL/min

male glomerular filtration rate?

125 mL/min

GFR regulated by?

hormonal control/neural control

angiotensin ||?

helps to restore fluid volume/bp by making person thirsty to encourage water intake

posterior pituitary gland secretes?

anti diuretic hormones (ADH) which promotes water retention

infant can be potty trained until neural development allows control of external urethral sphincter muscles at about age 2?

false

potassium imbalances?

most dangerous of all electrolyte imbalances

abnormal finds in urine?

blood/proteins/sugars

blood ph?

7.35-7.45

urine ph?

6.0

if renal failure occurs?

renal dialysis to remove wastes from blood

kidney stones?

results from crystallization of uric acid/calcium/magnesium salts in renal pelvis

embryo?

fertilized egg

fetus?

8 weeks after fertilization of egg

gonads?

primary sex organs

testosterone?

male sex hormone produced in testes

estrogen?

female sex hormone produced in ovaries

spermatogenesis?

sperm production in seminiferous tubules

epididymis?

storage for sperm

flagella?

tail of sperm

vas deferens?

muscular rube that carries sperm into pelvic cavity

male urethra?

shared by both reproductive/urinary systems

scrotum?

testes are contained in

testes are outside because of?

temperature

seminal vesicles?

produce yellowish secretion that forms 60% of semen

prostate gland?

contributes thin/milky fluid containing calcium

bulbourethral gland?

produce clear slippery fluid that helps to produce some of lubrication for intercourse

glans penis?

tip of penis

foreskin?

most sensitive part of penis

ejaculatory duct?

cylindrical bodies

uterine tube?

muscular canal that extends from each ovary to uterus

fimbriae?

feathery projections for catching ovulated egg

uertus?

muscular chamber of female

fundus?

superior curvature of uterus

cervix?

cylindrical inferior end of uterus

perimetrium?

outer layer of uterine wall

myometrium?

middle muscular layer of uterine wall

endometrium?

inner layer of uterine wall that falls during period

vagina?

tube that allows for discharge of menstrual fluid/receipt of penis/birth of baby

valva?

external genitalia of female

breast?

mound of tissue that sits over pectoralis major muscle

meiosis?

production of gametes

monthly cycles?

ovarian cycle/menstruate cycle