Chapter 10: America Claims an Empire

Queen Liliuokalani

the Hawaiian queen who was forced out of power by a revolution started by American business interests

Imperialism

The practice of strong countries taking economic, political, and military power over weaker countries

Alfred T. Mahan

American imperialist and admiral who urged the United States to build up its navy and take colonies overseas

William Seward

Secretary of State under Presidents Lincoln and Andrew Johnson

Pearl Harbor

Navy port in Hawaii

Sanford B. Dole

American businessman who became president of the new government of Hawaii after the queen was pushed out

José Martí

Cuban poet and journalist who launched a revolution against Spain that would later be crushed by Valeriano Weyler

Valeriano Weyler

General sent from Spain to Cuba to restore order in 1896, known for his use of concentration camps

Yellow Journalism

Reporting in newspapers and magazines that exaggerates the news in order to make it more exciting

U.S.S. Maine

U.S. warship that exploded in a Cuban harbor in 1898

George Dewey

U.S. naval commander who first opened fire against the Spanish in the Manila, the capital of the Philippines, leading the American attack there

Rough Riders

Fighting unit led by Theodore Roosevelt in Cuba

San Juan Hill

Where the Rough Riders charged uphill along other cavalry units, winning the battle and making Roosevelt a war hero though he played only a minor role

Treaty of Paris

The treaty that ended the Spanish-American War

Foraker Act

gave the US direct control over and power to set up a civil government in Puerto Rico

Platt Amendment

Provisions in the Cuban constitution that gave the United States broad rights in that country

Protectorate

A country that is partly controlled by another, stronger country-- (i.e Cuba after the Platt provisions)

Emilio Aguinaldo

Filipino rebel leader who organized a rebellion against the U.S.

John Hay

U.S. Secretary of State that called the Spanish-American war a "splendid little war", and issued the open door notes that suggested other countries share their trading rights with the U.S. so that no one country had a monopoly on trade with China

Open Door Notes

Message sent by John Hay to other countries to protect U.S. trading rights in China

Boxer Rebellion

Chinese rebellion against Western influence, 1900

Panama Canal

A channel across Central America, between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, opened in 1914

Roosevelt Corollary

Roosevelt's 1904 extension of the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the United States has the right to protect its economic interests in South And Central America by using military force, formed out of fear that European countries would try to intervene as latin-American countries defaulted on their loans

Dollar Diplomacy

The policy of intervening in other countries to protect U.S. business interests

Francisco "Pancho" Villa

Mexican revolutionary who was outraged at recognition of Carranza's government of Mexico who was hunted by John J Pershing and 15,000 soldiers for killing multipleAmericans

Puerto Rico

_______ _____was strategically important to the United States as a way to assert its presence in the Caribbean and as a base for protecting a possible canal through the Isthmus of Panama.

Boxers

What group staged a revolt to expel foreigners from China. In August 1900, troops from Britain, France, Germany, Japan, and the United States marched on the Chinese capital. The international force put an end to the rebellion.

Three key beliefs, open door policy

________-_______ _______ about America's industrial capitalist economy reflected in the _____ ____ _______: U.S. economy's dependence on exports to ensure growth; U.S. right to intervene abroad to keep foreign markets open; closing an area to American products threatened U.S. survival (seperated by commas)

Teddy Roosevelt

Walk softly and carry a big stick - ________'s foreign policy

Taft

Dollar diplomacy - ____'s foreign policy

Woodrow Wilson

Moral Missionary Diplomacy - ______'s foreign policy

Teller Amendment

The U.S. cannot lay claim to Cuba

Platt Amendment

Provision that allows the U.S. to control many aspects of Cuba

cuban

The American people sympathized with the _____ people because their cries for freedom were not unlike ours

Yellow Journalism

The press used ______ to sway the public opinion on Cuban independance

De Lome Letter

A letter leaked by a Spanish rebel from a Spanish minister that called president McKinley weak, angering Americans

Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines

Territories gained from the Treaty of Paris

Reasons for the Spanish-American War

American support for the Cuban and Filipino people's independence
The explosion of the U.S.S Maine

Why Puerto Rico was important to the U.S.

Allowed the U.S. to maintain presence in the Caribbean
Protected a future canal leaders planned to build in the Panama

Platt Amendment Rules

Cuba could not:
Make treaties
stop American intervention
Go into debt
refuse American ownership of land for their Navy

Aftermath

______ of the Philippine War: 20,000 Filipino, 4,000 American deaths. Cost $400 million, 20 times the cost to purchase the territories. America placed Filipinos in concentration camps much like Spain during the Spanish-American War.

Why the U.S. annexed Hawaii

After Queen Liliuokalani wrote the new constitution, it declared Hawaii a state and meant that Hawaii was no longer a tax haven for sugar cane plantation owners. These business owners called for the U.S. to annex Hawaii, and the U.S. recognized Hawaii was an important trade partner

Citizens and business owners

_________ supported and didn't support Cuban independence, respectively

How Roosevelt won a Nobel Peace Prize

Theodore Roosevelt was asked to mediate peace negotiations for Russia and Japan over Korea.

How we gained the right to build the Panama Canal

As Colombians refused to allow the U.S. to build the Panama canal, Roosevelt knew Panamas wished for independence so he backed up a rebellion there in exchange for the plot where the canal could be built

Missionary Diplomacy

Wilson refused to recognize the Huerta government of Mexico because of it's violent killing of the last president

Treaty of Portsmith

Negotiated by Roosevelt during the war between Japan and Russia for Korea