Chapter 18: endocrine part 2

  Aunt Gladys is diagnosed as having a high metabolic rate, high body temperature and her T₄ levels are increased. She possibly has a problem with her (thymus / thyroid / parathyroid / pineal) ________________ gland.

thyroid gland

Due to abnormal thyroid function hypothyroidism, myxedema, and goiter may result from an inadequate amount of _____________________ in the diet.

iodine

The hormonal effect(s) of ACTH produced by the adenohypophysis is:

• Release is stimulated by corticotropin-releasing

hormone (CRH) from the hypothalamus

▪ Stimulates the release of glucocorticoids from the

adrenal cortex of the adrenal gland

▪ Secretion is inhibited by high levels of glucocorticoids

What is ADH known as

vasopressin

what are the hormonal effects of ADH produced by the neurohypophysis

• Released in response to low blood volume and

blood pressure, and high solute concentration in

blood

– Stimulates the kidneys to retain water

– Alcohol inhibits AD H release

– Diabetes insipidus – disease characterized by

excessive thirst, urination and dehydration due

to low AD H levels

When the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland no longer releases adequate amounts of ADH, the result is development of

Diabetes insipidus

   Alcohol (inhibits / promotes) __________________ ADH release.

inhibits

ADH is released with a (rise / fall) __________ in the solute concentration in blood.

Rise

ADH is released with a (rise / fall) __________ in blood volume.

fall

ADH is released with a (rise / fall) __________ in blood pressure.

fall

1.     An 18-year-old male patient has just arrived in the emergency room after running the Middletown marathon race. He is complaining of fatigue, muscle weakness, headache, and dizziness. His blood pressure is 100/60. The ER physician diagnoses the patient with dehydration. You know that which of the following have occurred:

 

_____ Reduced blood volume

_____ Increased blood volume

_____ Increased sodium concentration

_____ Decreased sodium concentration

_____ ADH levels increased

_____ ADH levels decreased

___x__ Reduced blood volume

_____ Increased blood volume

___x__ Increased sodium concentration

_____ Decreased sodium concentration

___x__ ADH levels increased

_____ ADH levels decreased

 

Your 54-year-old female patient is diagnosed as having a high metabolic rate, high body temperature and her T₄levels are increased. She possibly   has a problem with

her thyroid and potenial hypertyroidism

Insulin _________________ (increases / decreases) blood glucose concentration;

decreases

glucagon __________________ (increases / decreases) blood glucose concentration.

increases

Parathyroid hormone _________________ (increases / decreases) blood calcium levels; calcitonin ___________________ (increases / decreases) blood calcium levels.

increases

decreases

Rising levels of calcium in the blood would produce the following effects:

The (thyroid / parathyroid) ___________________ gland would produce (calcitonin / PTH) _______________________ (osteoclast / osteoblast) ___________________ activity would be inhibited the kidneys would (increase / decrease) _________________ calcium excretion.

thyroid

calcitonin

osteoclast

increase

Falling levels of calcium in the blood would produce the following effects:

The (thyroid / parathyroid) ___________________ gland would produce (calcitonin / PTH) ___________ (osteoclast / osteoblast) ________________ activity would be inhibited the kidneys would (increase / decrease) ______________ calcium reabsorption increased calcitriol production would cause Ca²⁺ (absorption / secretion) by the digestive system.

parathyroid

PTH

osteoblast

increase

absorption

  This type of diabetes (I / II) __________ results when insulin levels are normal or elevated, but peripheral tissues no longer respond normally.

type 2, this is known as insulin resistance

A condition caused by the overproduction of growth hormone in adults, characterized by a thickening of bones and an enlargement of cartilages and other soft tissues is called

Acromegaly

The hormone prolactin is involved with the production of _______________________.

milk (let down) (lactation)