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Salt solubility in water of common sodium, potassium and ammonium compounds
All soluble
Salt solubility in water of nitrates
All soluble
Salt solubility in water of common chlorides
Soluble except for those of silver and lead (II)
Salt solubility in water of common sulfates
Soluble, except for those of sodium, potassium and ammonium
Salt solubility in water of common hydroxides
Insoluble except for those of sodium, potassium and calcium (calcium hydroxide is slightly soluble)
What is an acid in terms of protons?
A proton donor
What is an alkali in terms of protons?
A proton acceptor
Hydrochloric acid forms?
A chloride
Sulfuric acid forms?
A sulfate
Nitric acid forms?
A nitrate
Acid + metal →
Metal salt + hydrogen gas
Acid + metal oxide →
Metal salt + water
Acid + metal hydroxide →
Metal salt + water
Acid + metal carbonate →
Metal salt + water + carbon dioxide
Acid + ammonia →
Ammonium salt
What can act as bases?
Metal oxides, metal hydroxides and ammonia can act as bases
What are alkalis?
Bases that are soluble in water
Experiment to make soluble crystals from a base and an acid. (Example copper oxide and sulfuric acid)
Mix the reactants by adding an excess of the copper oxide to the sulphuric acid to neutralise all the acid
Filter the excess copper oxide using filter paper and a funnel to yield a solution of copper sulfate
Gently heat the solution using a bunsen burner to evaporate water until you see crystals start to form
Leave in a warm place overnight to allow salt to dry
Filter off the crystals from the leftover solution
Dry crystals with a paper towel to make sure they are dry
Experiment to form soluble crystals from two solutions
Complete titration
Repeat without UI using exact measurements found
Heat to evaporate water
Leave to crystalise
Filter and dry crystals
Experiment to form an insoluble product from two solutions (Example lead nitrate and sodium sulfate)
Mix lead nitrate and sodium sulfate until no more precipitate is formed
Filter the solid from solution
Wash the precipitate with distilled water wj