Chemistry - Acids, Bases and Salt Preparation

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Last updated 10:49 AM on 4/14/26
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20 Terms

1
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Salt solubility in water of common sodium, potassium and ammonium compounds

All soluble

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Salt solubility in water of nitrates

All soluble

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Salt solubility in water of common chlorides

Soluble except for those of silver and lead (II)

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Salt solubility in water of common sulfates

Soluble, except for those of sodium, potassium and ammonium

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Salt solubility in water of common hydroxides

Insoluble except for those of sodium, potassium and calcium (calcium hydroxide is slightly soluble)

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What is an acid in terms of protons?

A proton donor

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What is an alkali in terms of protons?

A proton acceptor

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Hydrochloric acid forms?

A chloride

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Sulfuric acid forms?

A sulfate

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Nitric acid forms?

A nitrate

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Acid + metal →

Metal salt + hydrogen gas

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Acid + metal oxide →

Metal salt + water

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Acid + metal hydroxide →

Metal salt + water

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Acid + metal carbonate →

Metal salt + water + carbon dioxide

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Acid + ammonia →

Ammonium salt

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What can act as bases?

Metal oxides, metal hydroxides and ammonia can act as bases

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What are alkalis?

Bases that are soluble in water

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Experiment to make soluble crystals from a base and an acid. (Example copper oxide and sulfuric acid)

  1. Mix the reactants by adding an excess of the copper oxide to the sulphuric acid to neutralise all the acid

  2. Filter the excess copper oxide using filter paper and a funnel to yield a solution of copper sulfate

  3. Gently heat the solution using a bunsen burner to evaporate water until you see crystals start to form

  4. Leave in a warm place overnight to allow salt to dry

  5. Filter off the crystals from the leftover solution

  6. Dry crystals with a paper towel to make sure they are dry

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Experiment to form soluble crystals from two solutions

  1. Complete titration

  2. Repeat without UI using exact measurements found

  3. Heat to evaporate water

  4. Leave to crystalise

  5. Filter and dry crystals

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Experiment to form an insoluble product from two solutions (Example lead nitrate and sodium sulfate)

  1. Mix lead nitrate and sodium sulfate until no more precipitate is formed

  2. Filter the solid from solution

  3. Wash the precipitate with distilled water wj