Immunology exam 4

central vs peripheral

central is in bone marrow and thymus, peripheral is out of bone marrow and thymus (like lymph) where Treg develops

5 types of strats to treat autoimmune disease

broad spectrum, cell targeting therapy, cytokine inhibitors (TNF-a), costim inhibitors, antigen specific immunotherapy (increase Treg)

define autoimmunity

failure of tolerance

things that can lead to autoimmune diseases

mutation in AIRE, T-cells recognizing own antibody (T1 Diabetes), B-cells recognizing own antibody (Hashimotos)

cells responsible for first set rejection

Naive T cells

cells responsible for second set rejection

memory cells

cells responsible for hyperacute rejection

plasma B cells

cells responsible for acute rejection

T cells

cells responsible for chronic rejection

both B and T cells

types of strats to suppress immune system following transplantation

general: prevents proliferation

specific: blocks BCR and TCR e.g. monoclonal antibodies

virus immune response

humoral and cell mediated

extracellular bacteria immune response

humoral

helminth immune response

humoral

intracellular pathogen immune response

humoral and cell mediated

how do viruses evade

block interferon cytokines, downreg MHC I, change surface antigen

how do bacteria evade

change surface antigen, form capsule

how to helminths evade

do not replicate inside host, change surface antigen, move around

whole pathogens use ____ immunity

both cell mediated and humoral immunity

subunit vaccines use __

humoral response, PRRs

combined immunodeficiency is where you dont have ___

B or T cells (SCID)

Agammaglobulinemias is___ and is treated by ___

a B cell immunodeficiency, giving antibodies

SCID is treated by

bone marrow transplant

FOX B3 is treated by

gene editing

complement deficiency does what

affects any step of the complement system

immune regulation deficiency happens whern there is a mutation in

AIRE or FOX B3

what does HIV do

effects CD4 T cells which affects both cell mediated and humoral immunity

why is HIV hard to study

no animal model, mutates quickly, virus could revert

TSA are

antigens on a tumor cell that are easily recognizable

TAAs are

antigens expressed only on host that are overexpressed

three stages of cancer immunoediting and describe

elimination (immune cells target cancer cells), equilibrium (balance btwn killing cancer cells and the stronger ones surviving), escape (the strong ones grow and spread)

ways cancer cells evade immune response

Reduce MHC I expression

Reduce costimulatory

Can inhibit apoptosis

Can increase tolerogenic ligand

Can decrease activating ligand to stop NK cell detection

Checkpoint blockade

blocks inhibitory signals

5 types of cancer immunotherapies

Hot vs cold tumor

T cells can infiltrate in hot