TEST 2- POLITICAL PARTIES

voter turnout

60-70% for president, even lower in local elections, low bc electoral college/ not believing ones vote matters

opportunity cost

cost of the loss of the next most desireable good or service that could have been produced with a recource

Masiows hierarchy of needs

-physiological needs

-safety or security needs

-love & belonging needs

-self-esteem

-self-actualization

14th Amendment

citizenship/ voting for Black people

17th Amendment

Direct election of senators

19th Amendment

Gave women the right to vote

24th Amendment

Abolishes poll taxes

26th Amendment

Lowered the voting age from 21 to 18

Voting models

rational choice, retrospective, prospective, party-line

retrospective voting

voting based on the past performance of a candidate

prospective voting

voting based on the imagined future performance of a candidate

free rider problem

the problem faced by interest groups when citizens can reap the benefits of interest group action without actually joining, participating in, or contributing money to such groups.

Voting Ethics

your obligation to vote/ thinking your vote matters

MO voting requirements

Need any form of unexpired ID: driver's license, military/veteran ID, passport, etc

provisional ballot

ballot used for people who have a problem on site (such as no ID or not on registration lists)

Federist 10

Madison argues to stay away from factions, or self-centered groups dedicated to a specific cause.

interest groups

Groups of people who work together for similar interests or goals and lobby for their ideas

-ex: unions & PETA trying to get a specific person elected

-Do not all have to necessarily be politically engaged; they just stand for a certain cause.

-news endorsing candidates

lobbiest

advocate for intrest group

distrubrancy theory

ppl only pay attention when they are in danger ex. gas skyrocketing

nomination

through primary elections

National Convention

nominatee is chosen

Old National Convention

The party would choose its presidential candidate and vote on that at the national convention

-Trump would not have gotten nominated because he was not seen as the strongest candidate

ad hominem

Attacking the person instead of the argument.

electoral college votes

2-senators

however many reps

electoral college

A group of people named by each state legislature to select the president and vice president

Illusion of Democracy

seems like you have a say, but indirectly (presidential)

Federal Election Commission

a six-member bipartisan agency that enforces and administers campaign finance laws

primarys

elections where people participate in selecting a party's nominee

-candidate-centered, focused on getting money

PAC

Political Action Committee that supports a candidate

interest groups & PACS

-used by interest groups to give money to a candidate they support

-interest groups contribute to campaigns by funding them and giving support

-bypass PAC $5,000 limit by bundling

Buckley v. Valeo

money = speech, but can be limited

soft money

Campaign contributions unregulated by federal or state law, usually given to parties and party committees to help fund general party activities.

McCain-Feingold Act

Banned soft money, increased amount of individual contributions and limited issue ads.

527 groups

Tax-exempt organizations set up by interest groups to engage in political activities can raise unlimited funds, but have to be reported to the IRS

super PACs

dont have to list how much money or to who, only names of who donated

501(c) groups

Nonprofit, tax-exempt interest groups that can engage in varying levels of political activity; not subject to FEC disclosure rules

dark money

created by 501(c)s, how much money is there/ who has donated cannot be seen, super shady