Revolution Review

What territories were Britain and France competing for in North America?

Ohio River Valley.

Why were Native American alliances important during the conflict?

They were important because they had gave necessary arms. As well as, had a familiarity to British/French lands.

Albany Plan of Union and why it failed

A plan Benjamin Franklin had proposed for a coordinated colonial army. It failed, because the colonists lacked the unity to solve a common problem.

List two ways the French and Indian War changed the relationship between Britain and the colonies.

-British create a border from lands west of the Appalachian mountains to east of.

-British start putting major taxes on the colonists (tea tax, tax on stamp mountains).

Why did Britain start taxing the colonies after the war?

They start taxing the colonies, to retrieve the large amount of money they had lost. During the, French and Indian War.

Proclamation of 1763/ why were colonists upset about it

Created a border between lands west and east of the Appalachian Mountains. Colonists are upset, because they are unable to go to lands they fought very hard for.

Identify and explain two taxes or acts imposed by Parliament?

Sugar Act: Raised money for Britain after French and Indian War. Taxed sugar, molasses, coffee, wine. Helped start colonial resentment that would rise with the Stamp Act.

Stamp Act: Made colonists buy stamps for newspapers/legal documents. Colonists say “no taxation without representation.”

How did colonists protect these acts?

-Boycotting British goods.

-Destroying properties (burning custom houses).

-Daughters of Liberty create British products by hand.

No Taxation without Representation

The colonists should not be taxed, without speaking their own voice as part of that government.

Sons of Liberty /their significance

They had been a radical political organization. They were significant because they created riots and burned custom houses, where British stamp paper had been held. Along with, boycotted British goods.

Boston Massacre Significance

The Boston Massacre was significant because many colonists had gone against the British. By, throwing snowballs at the British custom house. The colonists had finally stood up against the British.

What happened at the Boston Tea Party and how did Britain respond?

The colonists in rebel to the British threw British tea into the Boston Harbor. Britain responds by creating the Intolerable Acts. Where they closed the port of Boston.

What were the Intolerable Acts designed to do?

They were designed to restore order in Boston. It had made colonists pay for damages. As well as, closed the port of Britain.

Purpose of First Continental Congress

It had been created to keep radicals in touch. Started a sense of unifying.

What happened to Lexington and Concord and why are these events known as the “shot heard around the world” ?

The colonists had faced 700 British soldiers at Lexington. At concord, the colonists had defended the North Bridge. Making the British go back to Boston. Colonists win the war against the British. The shot was known as the shot heard around the world, because it became a symbol of the start of the revolution.

What did the Second Continental Congress do when they met in May 1775?

It had convened to coordinate colonial war efforts, after the battles of Lexington and Concord. As well as, created the Continental army and made George Washington commander in chief.

How did Thomas Paine’s Common sense influence the Declaration of Independence?

It had helped give people reasons on why they should declare their independence from Britain. It convinced people declaring their independence from Britain was common sense.

Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?

Thomas Jefferson.

An Enlightenment idea that influenced the Declaration.

John Locke’s born inalienable rights.

What natural rights does the Declaration claim all people have?

Life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.

Why did the colonists believe it was necessary to break away from Britain?

They wanted to be free from the horrible laws they had put on them.

Two grievances against King George III

-He had refused to pass laws that people found important.

-He had cut off colonist’s trade with other countries.

Why was the Battle of Bunker Hill a loss/ confidence boost for the colonists?

It was a confidence boost because there had been a way bigger number of British casualties. It was a loss because the colonists had been forced to retreat.

Significance of Washington cross the Delaware and the Battle of Trenton

Washington had crossed the Delaware to surprise hessians, and capture 900 of them. It had been a necessary morale boost.

Why is the battle of Saratoga considered the turning point of the war?

France after the war started to openly recognize the US. And, support them.

What role did France play after Saratoga?

Provided important military support to the colonists. Helped America to win the war.

Hardships faced by soldiers at Valley Forge

-Cold snowy weather.

-Sickness(smallpox spreading).

-Lack of food/supplies.

How were the Americans able to come out stronger after the winter of Valley Forge?

They had been commanded by Baron von Steuben. Who greatly improved their military strategy. And, allowed for colonists’ victories.

Why did the British turn the war to the South in the second half of the War?

-Had land they had a better familiarity with.

-Had better support in the South.

Defeat/victory for the Americans in the Southern Campaign

Victory: Cowpens.

Defeat: Charleston, South Carolina.

Battle of Yorktown

George Washington/General Rochambeau march to Yorktown. They lead a surprise attack on Britain. American win, leading to it to became a nation.

How were the Americans able to turn things around and defeat the British with military leadership?

The colonists stick loyal to George Washington. Who, had created good military tactics. And, listened to the great strategies by Baron von Steuben. Who, helped them survive the winter at Valley Forge.

How were the Americans able to turn things around and defeat the British with foreign assistance?

France assists colonists with military support. Along with vital weapons/supplies and with money.

How were the Americans able to turn things around and defeat the British with strategies used by them?

-Guerilla warfare.

-Surprise attacks.

Strategic mistakes made by the British

-Spreading out in unfamiliar land.

-Poor military leaders.

-Too arrogant in themselves.

Treaty of Paris/provisions

-Spain receives French lands, west of Mississippi River and New Orleans.

-France loses support.

-England receives all France’s lands in Canada.

-Ends American Revolution.

-Solidifies American independence.