Experimental Techniques in Chemistry

Vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts and definitions from the topic of Experimental Techniques in Chemistry.

States of Matter

Three forms of matter: solid, liquid, and gas, distinguished by the arrangement and movement of particles.

Solid

A state of matter where particles are closely packed together in a fixed arrangement and do not move freely.

Liquid

A state of matter where particles are close together but can move around and slide past each other.

Gas

A state of matter where particles are far apart and move freely with little or no interaction.

Melting

The process of changing from solid to liquid at a definite temperature, which is endothermic.

Freezing

The process of changing from liquid to solid at a definite temperature, which is exothermic.

Condensation

The process of changing from gas to liquid at a definite temperature, which is exothermic.

Diffusion

The continuous movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Brownian Motion

The random movement of particles in a fluid due to collision with fast-moving molecules.

Kinetic Theory of Matter

A theory stating that matter is composed of tiny particles in constant motion, and that temperature affects their speed.

Element

A pure substance made from only one type of atom that cannot be broken down by chemical processes.

Compound

A substance made up of two or more different elements that are chemically bonded together.

Mixture

A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded and can be separated by physical means.

Filtration

A method used to separate an insoluble solid from a liquid in a mixture.

Crystallization

A method used to separate a dissolved solid from a solution by evaporating the solvent.

Chromatography

A technique used to separate mixtures based on differences in their movement through a stationary phase.

Rf Value

The retention factor; the distance traveled by a component divided by the distance traveled by the solvent.

Purity of Solids

Determined by sharp, fixed melting points; impurities lower the melting point.

Purity of Liquids

Determined by sharp, fixed boiling points; impurities raise the boiling point.