Unit 5: Urinary System

What are the major components of the urinary system?

kidneys (produce urine, work horses), ureters (carry urine to bladder), urinary bladder (stores urine), urethra (carries urine outside)

What are the major functions of the urinary system?

Filtrating blood, eliminating waste in blood

What are the functions of the kidney (aka work horses)?

Regulating blood ionic composition, regulating blood volume/pressure/pH, conserving valuable nutrients, producing and secreting hormones, assisting liver in detoxifying poisons in blood, eliminating organic waste products and foreign substances

Are the kidneys retroperitoneal? Where are they located?

Yes; posterior abdominal wall region

Which kidney is lower than the other and why?

The right kidney is lower than the left due to liver

What are the retroperitoneal structures?

Aorta, Inferior Vena Cava, Kidneys, Ureters

What is the hilum of the kidney?

Where structures exit and enter the kidney

What is apart of the renal sinus of the kidney?

vasculature + fat to protect the vasculature

What is the renal capsule of the kidney? Function?

Shiny outer surface of kidney; protects kidneys and gives them shape

What is the cortex of the kidney?

Outer region, 1/5

What is the medulla of the kidney?

Inner region, 4/5

What is apart of the medulla of the kidney?

Renal pyramids, renal columns

Describe renal pyramids; what is the apex called and what does it collect?

Bases face cortex; renal papilla: collects urine

Describe renal columns, function?

Between renal pyramids; anchors and gives support to renal pyramids

What is the minor calyx of the kidney?

1st tube urine goes through

What is the major calyx of the kidney?

Combination of minor calyxes

What is the renal pelvis of the kidney?

Combination of major calyxes

What is the ureter?

Tube where urine goes to and then travels to the urinary bladder

Walkthrough the flow of urine

Begins at renal papilla at the apex of each renal pyramid, then goes through minor calyx, major calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, and then collects in urinary bladder to later be excreted by urethra

What is the renal artery?

beginning of vasculature for kidneys

What is the segmental artery?

Comes after renal artery, runs through the renal sinus

What is the interlobar artery?

Comes after segmental artery, Runs on the lateral parts of the pyramids

What is arcuate artery?

Comes after interlobar arteries, runs on the base of the pyramids

What is interlobular artery?

comes after arcuate artery, travels into the renal cortex

What is the afferent arteriole?

comes after interlobular artery, carries the blood to the filtering structure of the kidneys

What is the glomerulus?

comes after afferent arteriole, Filtering structure of the kidney

What is the efferent arteriole?

comes after glomerulus, how blood leaves filter

Walkthrough the arterial aspect of the kidneys (aka how blood gets filtered), (check slide 11)

Begins at renal artery, segmental artery, interlobar artery, arcuate artery, interlobular artery, afferent artery, glomerulus, efferent arteriole

What are the steps for filtering in the kidneys

Filtration, Resorption, Secretion

Explain the filtration step

Separates blood plasma from blood cells and determines what is waste in the plasma and sends that in urine and what stays in the blood stream

Explain the resorption step

tubule where waste is sent, here we keep certain parts of waste we missed the 1st time and bring them back into our bloodstream

Explain the secretion step

Getting the waste we missed the first time in the bloodstream and sending it back into the tubule network where urine is collecting

What is a nephron? What are the parts?

Structural and functional unit; Renal corpuscle and renal tubule

What takes place at the renal corpuscle?

Filtration

What are the parts of the renal corpuscle? Describe

Glomerulus: ball of capillaries, Bowman’s capsule: where filtrate collects

What happens at the glomerulues?

Where plasma separates from blood cells, the blood cells exit and the plasma forms filtrate that becomes 1st aspect of urine

What takes place at the renal tubule?

reabsorption and secretion, changes composition of urine to keep water/ions/nutrients

What are the parts of the renal tubule in order?

Proximal convoluted tubule, Loop of Henle: descending limb and ascending limb, Distal convoluted tubule

What is the collecting duct? Functions?

Last step before urine goes into renal papillae; received filtrate from distal convoluted tubule and makes final adjustments to filtrate

What does the collecting duct unite into? Where does the drain into?

Papillary duct; minor calyx

What part of the kidney is the renal corpuscle associated with: renal cortex or renal medulla?

Renal cortex

What part of the kidney is the renal tubule associated with: renal cortex or renal medulla?

Renal medulla

What is a ureter?

Smooth muscle in wall, propels urine from kidney to urinary bladder

What is the urinary bladder?

Stores urine, muscle contracts to expel urine into urethra

Where is the urinary bladder in males? Females?

Anterior to rectum; anterior to vagina and inferior to uterus

What is the urethra? How many parts for females? males?

Passage of urine from the urinary bladder to outside of the body; females: 1 part, males: multiple parts

What are the parts of the urethra for males in order? Location?

Prostatic urethra: prostrate gland; Membranous urethra: between other two, Penile/spongy urethra: penis

Walkthrough the pathway of eliminating filtrate in urine beginning at the afferent arteriole

Afferent arteriole, renal corpuscle: glomerulus separates plasma from blood cells and filtrates waste into bowman’s capsule, renal tubule: proximal convoluted tubule and then loop of henry which has an ascending and descending limb and then into distal convoluted tubule and throughout this resorption and secretion of filtrate and waste occurs here, then enters collecting duct where we make the final adjustments to the filtrate, collecting duct unites into the papillary duct which drains into minor calyx

Identify organ

Kidney

Identify 1

Renal Artery

Identify 8

Renal Vein

Identify

Renal cortex

Identify collective green

Renal medulla

Identify 1 singular green

Renal Pyramid

Identify in between greens?

Renal columns

Identify

Renal papilla

Identify

Minor calyx

Identify light blue

Major calyx

Identify

Renal pelvis

Identify green (imagine it extends full tube length)

Ureter

Identify, state sex

Female urinary bladder

Identify, state sex

Male urinary bladder

Identify blue

prostatic urethra

Identify green

membranous urethra

Identify pink

Penile/spongy urethra

Just look at where urethra is for female, type 1 when done

1

Identify 1

Afferent arteriole (wider)

Identify 4

Efferent arteriole (narrower)

Identify 6

Glomerulus

Identify 9 (general, and specific)

Bowman’s capsule, Bowman’s space

Identify

Proximal convuluted tubule