Cell Cycle and Mitosis

Cell Cycle

The series of events a cell goes through to grow, copy DNA, and divide. It allows growth, repair, and reproduction.

Interphase

The longest stage of the cell cycle where the cell grows and copies DNA. Includes G1, S, and G2 phases.

G1 Phase

The cell grows and performs normal functions. Organelles increase in number.

S Phase

DNA is replicated so chromosomes can be copied before division.

G2 Phase

The cell prepares for division by producing proteins and spindle fibers.

Mitosis

Nuclear division that produces 2 genetically identical diploid cells. Used for growth and repair.

Chromatin

Loose, threadlike DNA found during interphase.

Chromosomes

Condensed DNA structures visible during cell division.

Sister Chromatids

Identical copies of a chromosome joined at the centromere.

Diploid (2n)

A cell containing a full set of chromosomes. Human body cells have 46 chromosomes.

Haploid (n)

A cell containing half the chromosome number. Human gametes have 23 chromosomes.

Somatic Cells

Body cells produced by mitosis.

Gametes

Sex cells (sperm and egg) produced by meiosis.

Prophase

Chromosomes condense, the nuclear membrane breaks down, and spindle fibers form.

Mitotic Spindle

Fibers that move chromosomes during mitosis.

Centrioles

Structures that organize spindle fibers in animal cells.

Metaphase

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.

Anaphase

Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles.

Telophase

Nuclear membranes reform and chromosomes uncoil.

Cytokinesis

Division of the cytoplasm into two daughter cells.

Cleavage Furrow

The pinching-in of an animal cell during cytokinesis.

Cell Plate

A structure that forms during plant cell cytokinesis.