U.S. History State Test Study Guide

Northwest Ordinance Process

to govern territories and become states

Northwest Ordinance states

Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin

3-stage process

Territories become states in three steps

Equal footing

New states have same rights as original states

Northwest Ordinance rights

Trial by jury, religious freedom, no cruel punishment, no slavery

Education encouraged

Government supported schools and education

Federalists Supported

strong central government

Anti-Federalists Supported

weak central government

Federalists belief

Rights already protected without listing them

Anti-Federalists belief

Rights already protected without listing them

Bill of Rights

First ten amendments that protect citizens' rights

Progressives

People who wanted government to fix social problems

Urbanization

Movement of people from rural areas to cities

Muckrakers

Journalists who exposed corruption and problems

Trust

Monopoly or complete control of an industry

Industrial capitalism

Businesses owned privately to make profit

Upton Sinclair

Author who exposed meatpacking industry problems

The Jungle Book

showed unsanitary conditions in meat factories

Progressive reforms

Laws to fix business abuses and protect people

16th Amendment

Income tax

17th Amendment

Direct election of senators

18th Amendment

Banned alcohol (Prohibition)

19th Amendment

Gave women the right to vote

Great Migration

African Americans moved from South to North for jobs and safety

Harlem Renaissance

Growth of African American culture, art, and music

Suffrage

The right to vote

Prohibition

Ban on making and selling alcohol

Unintended consequences

Unexpected results of a law or action

Effects of Prohibition

Crime increased, speakeasies opened, illegal alcohol spread

21st Amendment

Ended Prohibition

Great Depression causes

Stock speculation, bank failures, overproduction, debt

Buying on margin

Buying stocks with borrowed money

Stock market crash

Event that triggered economic collapse

New Deal FDR’s

plan to fix the economy

New Deal goals

Relief, Recovery, Reform

WPA

Gave jobs to unemployed workers

CCC

Provided jobs in conservation and nature

Social Security

Government support for elderly and unemployed

Cold War Conflict

between U.S. and Soviet Union without direct fighting

Containment Policy

to stop spread of communism

Truman Doctrine

Aid to countries fighting communism

Marshall Plan

U.S. gave money to rebuild Europe

NATO

Military alliance to protect against Soviet Union

Red Scare

Fear of communism in the U.S.

McCarthyism

Accusing people of being communists without proof

Space Race

Competition to explore space

Cold War result

End of Soviet Union and communism weakened

Civil Rights

Rights for equality and freedom

NAACP

Group that fought to end segregation

Brown v. Board

End of school segregation

UFW

Group that fought for farm workers’ rights

AIM

Group that fought for Native American rights

NOW

Group that fought for women’s rights

Collective bargaining

Workers negotiating for better pay and conditions

Immigration Act of 1965

Ended quota system based on nationality

Quota system

Limited number of immigrants by country

Effect of 1965

Act More immigrants from Asia, Africa, and Latin America

Result of immigration

change U.S. became more diverse

Globalization

Increased connections between countries

Transnational companies

Businesses operating in multiple countries

Trade deficit

Imports are greater than exports

Shift in economy

Manufacturing jobs decreased, service jobs increased

Domestic policy

Issues within the United States

Foreign policy

How the U.S. deals with other countries

Post-Cold War

challenges Terrorism, economy, and national security issues

9/11 impact

Increased security and debate over freedom vs safety

USA PATRIOT Act

Law that increased government surveillance

TSA

Agency that protects transportation systems

Cold War (problems)

collapse causes Economic problems, protests, expensive arms race

Cold War (effects)

collapse effects End of Soviet Union, U.S. became main superpower