Hematology

Transportation, Regulation, Protection

what are the three Characteristics of blood?

Plasma, cells

what are the two things that the total volume of blood is made up of

Wastes, nutrients, electrolytes

what are the three major solutes in the plasma?

Fluid volume, coagulation, binding/transport

what are the three roles of plasma protein

RBC's

what blood cell makes up 99% of the total volume in the blood

Hematopoiesis

what is the formation of all blood cells in the red bone marrow called?

Colony stimulating factor

what is the name of the growth factor for WBC's

Erythropoietin

what is the growth hormone for RBC's

Thrombopoietin

what is the growth hormone for platelets

4-6 million

what is the range for RBC's

binds and carries 4 O2 molecules

what is the job of the heme in hemoglobin

Bind and transport CO2

what is the job of the globin portion of hemoglobin

Acidosis

what means increased hydrogen in the blood?

Spleen

what is the major site of hemolysis of Hgb?

hyperbilirubinemia

what means increased bilirubin the blood

ferritin

what is the iron storage protein

Transferrin

what is the iron transport protein?

Hemosiderosis

what is it called when too much iron is around and landing places in the body that cause problems

B12, Cobalamin; B9, Folic Acid

what are the nurtientsneeded for RBC DNA

intrinsic factor

what is the thing that tht is needed for absorption of vitamin B12

Anemia

if there is a deficiency of folic acid what can it cause

Hypoxia

what is the #1 reason for increased erythropoiesis

Polycythemia

excess of red blood cells

kidney

where is the hormone erythropoietin secreted from?

12-16

what is the range for Hgb

37-50%

what is the normal range for a hematocrit

150,000-400,000

what is the normal range for platelets

ESR

what is the thing that indicates inflammation from infection, injury, allergy, autoimmune

CRP

what is the thing that indicates acute inflammation

Polycythemia Vera

what is the RBC disorder that is a bone marrow problem

Decreased Hgb, RBC's, Hct

what are the three things that anemia is manifested by?

Decreased bone marrow function, destruction/loss of RBC's

what are the two categories of anemia

Iron Deficiency Anemia

wha tis the most common nutritional enmia

Decreased iron intake or bleeding

what are the two things that can cause Iron deficiency anemia

Teen-aged women, toddlers, GI bleeding

what are the three people that have an increased risk of Iron deficiency Anemia

fatigue, pallor, tachycardia, koilonychia, pica, sore tongue/mouth

what are the seven S&S's of Iron deficiency anemia

Ferrous sulfate/gluconate

what are the two treatments of iron deficiency anemia

decreased SIC, ferritin, increased TIBC

what are the three lab tests that are expected to be found in a person with Iron Deficiency

MCV

what is the lab test that determines the size of RBC's

MCH

what is the lab test that determines the amount of Hgb in RBC's

MCHC

what is the lab test that determines the % of Hgb relative to the size of the RBC

Aplastic anemia

what is the abnormality that is d/t decreased bone marrow function resulting in systemic infection, bleeding & anemia

bone marrow transplant

what is the treatment for aplastic anemia

Hemolytic Anemia

what is the type of anemia that is described as a rapid destruction of RBC's

Spherocytosis

what is the disorder where RBC's are in a cell shaped like a ball

Sickle cell Disease

what is the disease that is d/t a Hgb mutation

hypoxia, acidosis, dehydration, infections, high altitude

what are the five triggers of sickle cell disease

Vaso-occlusive "pain" crisis, Splenic Sequestration Crisis

what are the two sickle cell crises?

Vaso-occlusive "Pain" crisis

what is the type of Sickle cell crisis that results in increased blood viscosity, decreased perfusion to organs, and increased hemolysis

Splening sequestration Crisis

what is the sickle cell crisis that occurs when the spleen suddenly pulls large volumes of sickled RBC's out of circulation resulting in hypovolemic shock

Vascular, Platelets, Clotting factors

what are the three major contributors of coagulation

8-12 days

how long do platelets last?

Thrombocytopenia

what is it called when the platelet count is below 100,000

petechiae

what can occur when there is thrombocytopenia and is described as micro bruising

spontaneous bleeding

if the platelet count is below 20,000 what can occur that is extremely dangerous

Platelet adhesion, Activation, Aggregation into a plug

what are the three steps of forming a platelet plug

liver

where are clotting factors synthesized?

Calcium

what is the nutrient that plasma proteins require for functioning

Intrinsic

what is the activation pathway that occurs when there is blood vessel or platelet damage?

Extrinsic

what is the activation pathway that occurs when there is tissue damgae

factor x with factor v, prothrombin, fibrinogen

what is the pathway for clotting factor to occur

clot

what is a network of fibrin threads to haold platelets and RBC's together

15 seconds to 6 minutes

how long does it take for fibrin to occur?

20-60 minutes

how long does it take for mending of the blood vessels to occur?

Fibrinolysis

what is the body's way of breaking up clots called?

smooth endothelial lining, rapid blood flow, negative proteins on endothelium, anticoagulants in blood

what are the four factors preventing thrombi called?

II, VII, IX, X

what are the four factors that need Vitamin k for production called?

factor VIII

classic hemophilia is d/t a lack of which factor

factor IX

christmas hemophilia is d/t a lack of which factor

mild to severe bleeding, pain/deformities,

what are the two S&S's for hemophilia

factor replacement IV

what is the treatment for hemophilia

factor XI

hemophilia C is due to the lack of which factor?

x-linked recessive

hemophilia only affects males because of what reason?