World History and Geography Review

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering key historical events, figures, and concepts in Africa, India, Pakistan, and the Middle East.

Pan-Africanism

A movement that influenced independence movements across the continent and promoted the idea of African unity.

Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

A global trade system involving the forced transport of Africans to the Americas, distinct from the pre-existing African slave trade.

The Scramble for Africa

The rapid colonization and partition of the African continent by European powers during the period of New Imperialism.

Berlin Conference

The $1884-1885$ meeting where European nations negotiated and formalized the splitting up of the African continent.

Apartheid

A system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination that was put in place in South Africa.

Nelson Mandela

An anti-apartheid revolutionary and political leader who served as the first president of South Africa after the end of the Apartheid system.

Rwandan Genocide

A mass slaughter in Rwanda that resulted from long-standing ethnic and political tensions.

Moksha

A key spiritual concept in Indian religions representing liberation from the cycle of rebirth.

Partition

The $1947$ division of British India into two independent dominion states, India and Pakistan, which Gandhi famously opposed.

Narendra Modi

The current Prime Minister of India, noted for his leadership and political influence.

Iran-Iraq War

A conflict fought from $1980$ to $1988$ between Iran and Iraq, during which the US provided support to the Iraqi side.

Saddam Hussein

The leader of Iraq who ordered the invasion of Kuwait and was eventually tried and executed.

Taliban

An Islamic fundamentalist group in Afghanistan that maintained a close relationship with Al Qaeda.

Al Qaeda

A militant Sunni Islamist multi-national organization that was a key factor in the events of $9/11$.

Arab Spring

A series of anti-government protests, uprisings, and armed rebellions that spread across much of the Arab world in the early $2010\text{s}$.