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Testes
The primary male reproductive organs that produce sperms and secrete hormones.
Scrotum
A pouch of skin containing the testes, which helps maintain their temperature.
Seminiferous Tubules
Highly coiled structures in the testes where sperms are produced.
Sertoli Cells
Cells within the seminiferous tubules that provide nutrition to developing sperms.
Leydig Cells
Cells located in the interstitial spaces of the testes that secrete testosterone.
Epididymis
A long, coiled duct on the outside of the testis where sperm mature and are stored.
Vas Deferens
The duct that conveys sperm from the testicle to the urethra.
Seminal Vesicles
Accessory glands that secrete a fluid rich in fructose, which provides energy for the sperm.
Prostate Gland
A gland surrounding the neck of the bladder in males that releases prostatic fluid.
Bulbourethral Glands
Also known as Cowper's glands; they secrete a fluid that lubricates and neutralizes traces of acidic urine in the urethra.
Penis
The external male genital organ that delivers sperm into the female reproductive tract.
Glans Penis
The sensitive bulbous structure at the distal end of the penis, covered by the foreskin.
Ovaries
The primary female reproductive organs that produce ova and secrete hormones.
Fallopian Tubes
Also known as oviducts; tubes through which ova travel from the ovaries to the uterus.
Uterus
The organ in which a fertilized egg implants and develops into a fetus.
Cervix
The lower part of the uterus that opens into the vagina.
Vagina
The muscular tube leading from the external genitals to the cervix of the uterus.
Mons Pubis
A rounded mass of fatty tissue over the pubic bone.
Labia Majora
The outer folds of skin surrounding the external female genitalia.
Labia Minora
The inner folds of skin surrounding the vaginal opening.
Clitoris
A small, sensitive organ located at the anterior part of the vulva.
Hymen
A membrane that partially covers the external vaginal opening.
Mammary Glands
Glands located in the breasts that produce milk.
Spermatogenesis
The process by which sperms are produced in the testes.
Oogenesis
The process by which ova are produced in the ovaries.
Spermatogonia
The diploid germ cells in males that undergo mitosis and meiosis to form sperms.
Primary Spermatocyte
The diploid cells that undergo the first meiotic division to form secondary spermatocytes.
Secondary Spermatocyte
The haploid cells that undergo the second meiotic division to form spermatids.
Spermatids
The haploid cells that are transformed into spermatozoa.
Spermiogenesis
The process by which spermatids are transformed into mature spermatozoa.
Oogonia
The diploid germ cells in females that undergo mitosis to form primary oocytes.
Primary Oocyte
The diploid cells that begin the first meiotic division and are arrested in prophase I until puberty.
Secondary Oocyte
The haploid cells that are arrested in metaphase II and are released during ovulation.
Polar Bodies
The small cells produced during oogenesis that do not develop into ova.
Graafian Follicle
The mature ovarian follicle that releases the ovum during ovulation.
Menarche
The first occurrence of menstruation in a female.
Menopause
The cessation of menstruation, marking the end of a woman's reproductive years.
Follicular Phase
The phase of the menstrual cycle during which follicles in the ovary mature.
Ovulation
The release of an ovum from the ovary.
Luteal Phase
The phase of the menstrual cycle following ovulation, characterized by the presence of the corpus luteum.
Menstrual Phase
The phase of the menstrual cycle during which the endometrial lining is shed.
Estrogen
A hormone produced by the ovaries that regulates the menstrual cycle and supports pregnancy.
Progesterone
A hormone produced by the corpus luteum that maintains the endometrium for pregnancy.
LH Surge
A rapid increase in luteinizing hormone that triggers ovulation.
Corpus Luteum
The structure that forms from the ruptured follicle after ovulation and secretes progesterone.
Endometrium
The inner lining of the uterus that thickens and sheds during the menstrual cycle.
Pituitary Gland
The gland that secretes follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).
Fertilisation
The fusion of a sperm and an ovum to form a zygote.
Zygote
The diploid cell resulting from the fusion of a sperm and an ovum.
Cleavage
The series of mitotic divisions that a zygote undergoes after fertilisation.
Blastocyst
The stage of development that implants in the uterine wall.
Implantation
The process by which a blastocyst embeds itself in the endometrium.
Trophoblast
The outer layer of cells in the blastocyst that forms the placenta.
Inner Cell Mass
The group of cells in the blastocyst that develops into the embryo.
Placenta
The organ that provides oxygen and nutrients to the developing fetus and removes waste products.
Umbilical Cord
The structure that connects the fetus to the placenta.
Chorionic Villi
The finger-like projections of the trophoblast that extend into the endometrium.
HCG (Human Chorionic Gonadotropin)
A hormone produced by the placenta that maintains the corpus luteum during pregnancy.
Zona Pellucida
The thick outer covering of the ovum that is penetrated by a sperm during fertilisation.
Gestation Period
The duration of pregnancy, typically about 9 months in humans.
Trimesters
The three periods into which pregnancy is divided, each lasting about three months.
Embryo
The early stage of development from fertilisation to the end of the eighth week.
Fetus
The stage of development from the end of the eighth week until birth.
Amniotic Sac
The fluid-filled sac that surrounds and protects the developing fetus.
Amniotic Fluid
The fluid within the amniotic sac that cushions and protects the fetus.
Chorion
The outer membrane that forms the fetal part of the placenta.
Yolk Sac
The structure that provides nutrients to the embryo during early development.
Allantois
The fetal membrane that forms part of the umbilical cord.
Ectoderm
The outer germ layer that develops into the skin and nervous system.
Mesoderm
The middle germ layer that develops into muscles, bones, and the circulatory system.
Endoderm
The inner germ layer that develops into the digestive and respiratory systems.
Parturition
The process of giving birth.
Oxytocin
A hormone that stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding.
Labour
The series of events that lead to the expulsion of the fetus from the uterus.
Dilation
The widening of the cervix during the first stage of labor.
Placenta
The organ expelled after the birth of the baby, often called the afterbirth.
Lactation
The production and secretion of milk by the mammary glands.
Colostrum
The first form of milk produced after childbirth, rich in antibodies.
Breastfeeding
The act of feeding a baby with milk directly from the mother's breast.
Mammary Glands
Glands located in the breasts that produce milk.
Prolactin
A hormone that stimulates milk production in the mammary glands.
Let-Down Reflex
The reflex that causes milk to be ejected from the alveoli into the ducts of the breast.
Weaning
The process of gradually introducing the infant to solid food while reducing breastfeeding.
ovulation
LH higher than FSH
menopause
fall of progesterone
implantation
7 days after fertilisation
sperm part that goes into ovum
head, neck, middle peice
fishes
non-cleodoic eggs
Note
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