body composition

body composition

ratio of fat free mass to fat mass in the body

percentage

diseases associated with excessive fat

cancer, diabetes, asthma etc

essential fat

minimal amount of fat necessary for normal physiological function

3-5 for men 8-12 for women

nonessential fat

fat above the minimal amount

10-22 for male

20-32 for female can provide energy

overweight

accumulation of nonessential body fat to the point that it adversely affects health

32% for women

19% for men

20-39

obesity

excessive accumulation of body fat to a more serious degree

39 for women

25 in male

other health risks

physical activity performance

emotional wellness
pre mature death

economic impact (costs)

body fat distribution

can leave to health risk depending on location

adipose tissue

where non essential fat is primarily stored

on the surface surrounding the organs

subcutaneous fat

surface fat, located just below the skin

visceral fat

fat that lies deeper in the body surrounding the body’s organs

belly fat

android shape

apple shape of fat storage

associated with higher risk of health issues

men and women post menopause

gynoid shape

pear shaped fat distribution

connected to child bearing

women pre menopause

waist standard

40in < male

35 < female increased risk of disease

waist to hip standard

.82 < women

.94 < men

higher risk

body mass index

measurement of height and weight (m/kg)

doesn’t specify FM FFM

doesn’t consider aging population

doesn’t consider age or sex

hydrostatic weighing or hydro densitometry

density is mass over volume

convert density to body fat percentage

1-2 margin of error

expensive

dual energy x ray absorptiometry

can measure total body water and bone mineral density

can identify FM and FFM
high cost

air displacement plethysmography

bod pod commercial device

change air pressure to see how volume changes

bioelectrical impedance analysis

3-5 margin of error

measures the resistance because FFM is more conductive

4-8 for upper body only devices

hydration status can change the resistance

skinfold analysis

4-7 error

measures thickness of skin folds to estimate body fat

calorie restriction

1lb fat is 3500 cal

1lb muscle is 2500 cal