Chemistry: Solubility, Buffers, and Thermodynamics Flashcards

A set of flashcards covering molar solubility, Ksp calculations, buffer systems, titration characteristics, and the laws of thermodynamics based on the lecture notes provided.

Gibbs Free Energy Change ($ext{ extDelta}G$)

The thermodynamic potential used to calculate the maximum reversible work performed by a system; at equilibrium or a normal boiling point, $ext{ extDelta}G = 0$.

Entropy ($S$) Increase Factors

Physical or chemical changes including gas mixing/expansion, the conversion of liquids to gases, dissolving solids into aqueous ions, and increasing temperature.

Standard Free Energy Change ($ext{ extDelta}G^ ext{o}$) at Equilibrium

Unlike the non-standard free energy change ($ext{ extDelta}G$), which is zero at equilibrium, the standard free energy change ($ext{ extDelta}G^ ext{o}$) is not necessarily zero as it depends on standard conditions.

Solubility in Acidic Solution

A phenomenon where compounds containing basic anions (like $S^{2-}$ in $FeS$) become more soluble in acid because the addition of $H^+$ reacts with and removes the anion, shifting equilibrium to the right.