Chapter 2 Review: Early American Settlements and Key Concepts

Vocabulary flashcards covering settlements, key terms, concepts, and historic figures from Chapter 2 Review.

Saints

Protestant dissidents of the Church of England who settled in New England, also known as Pilgrims, and signed the Mayflower Compact.

Puritans

Protestant dissidents of the Church of England who settled in New England and believed in individual interpretation of Holy Scripture and individual conscience.

Total Depravity

A doctrine holding that humans were completely loathsome to God on account of the fall of Adam, and that God predestined some people for Heaven and others to suffer in Hell.

Mayflower Compact

A written constitution of sorts signed by the Saints or Pilgrims, which made no mention of tradition or custom and based its authority on the consent of the governed.

Micmac

A Native American tribe in New England that had a written language, received the Catholic faith, and intermarried with Europeans.

King Philip's War

A war fought between local Indian tribes and Englishmen in New England, named after King Philip, the leader of the Wampanoag tribe.

Metacomet

The Wampanoag name for King Philip, who was the leader of the Wampanoag tribe during King Philip's War.

Body of Liberties

A set of principles adopted by Massachusetts in 1641 based in English law that guaranteed free elections, trial by jury, protection against arbitrary seizures, and prohibited self-incrimination and taxation without citizen input.

Head-right

A system in Virginia whereby a settler received fifty acres of land for himself and for every person whom he brought to Virginia.

Maryland

A colony founded in 1632 by Lord Baltimore to serve as a haven for English Catholics.

Philadelphia

The colonial capital of Pennsylvania established by William Penn, meaning the 'City of Brotherly Love.'

Fort Christina

A colony on the Delaware River established by Swedes and Finns, which was conquered by the Dutch in 1655.

New York City

The name given to the former Dutch settlement of New Amsterdam after it was acquired by the English in 1664 and named for James, Duke of York.

Georgia

A southern colony established in the 1730s by General James Oglethorpe as a 'refuge for debtors.'

Depravity

Wickedness or a very bad way of behaving.

Covenant

A formal or solemn agreement between two parties.

Incriminate

To make someone appear to be guilty of having committed a crime.

Self-incrimination

The act of an accused person giving witness (usually in a court case) against himself.

Suffrage

The right to vote.

Hierarchy

Derived from Greek roots meaning 'holy order,' the ordering of a society where members are designated as above and below based on criteria such as honor, rank, power, and authority.

Paternalism

Derived from the Latin word pater ('father'), meaning in a positive sense the proper care shown by superiors to subordinates, or in a negative sense acting superior or treating citizens as incapable of thoughtful action.

Interdependence

The idea that each member of a society relies on the other members of the society for the proper functioning of that society and the welfare of all.

John Winthrop

A leader of the Puritans of Massachusetts Bay Colony (1588–1649) who referred to the colony as a 'city on a hill.'

Roger Williams

A Puritan dissident (ca. 1603–1683) and the founder of the Providence colony.

George Calvert

The first Lord Baltimore (ca. 1578–1632), an English gentleman who converted to Catholicism in 1625 and began the process of founding the colony of Maryland.