Somatic and Autonomic Nervous System Reading 3

what are the 2 major classifications of skeletal muscles

speed of contraction and metabolic pathway for generating ATP

when. myosin ATPase hydrolyzes ATP fast what happens

increase cross bridge formation which mean increase of force generated

when myosin ATPase hydrolyzes ATP slow what happens

fewer cross brudges are formed which means less force generated

what does anaerobic (glycolytic) produce

fewer ATP and lactic acid

what does aerobic (oxidative) produce

more ATP and no lactic acid

what are the 3 muscle fiber types

slow oxidative, fast glycolytic, fast oxidative

what is the color of slow oxidative

red

amount of force generated by slow oxidative

lower

what type of respiration is slow oxidative

aerobic

what is rate to fatigue for slow oxidative

slow

what is the color of fast glycolytic

white

amount of force generated by fast glycolytic

higher

what type of respiration is fast glycolytic

anaerobic

rate to fatigue of fast glycolytic

fast

color of fast oxidative

pink

amt if force generated by fast oxidative

intermediate

what type of respiration is fast oxidative

aerobic

rate to fatigue of fast oxidative

mid

what makes fast oxidative unique

they are trainable to be like the other skeletal muscles

which muscle type can maintain its force for a longer period of time

smooth muscle

what type of oxygen consumption does smooth muscle have

low

where is smooth muscle typically found

lines visceral organs

what is autonomic tone

a little contraction always

would it be important for smooth muscle to have autonomic tone

it keeps these organs from leaking

if contraction comes from neural input from neurons what it is

neurogenic

if contraction comes from muscle cells spontaneosuly depolarizing themselves what is it

myogenic

muscles that are nuerogeneic include

skeletal and multi unit smooth muscles

muscles that ate myogenic include

cardiac and single unit smooth muscle

does neurogenic or myogeneic self depolarize

myogenic

what are the two graded potentials myogenic forms

pacemaker and slow wave

what is RMP of pacemaker potential

unstable

what depoalrizes in pacemaker potential

on its own

what do pacemaker potentials reach

threshold

how many AP does pacemaker potential generate

1

what are slow wave potentials

spontaneous fluctuations of membrane potentials

what happens during excitatory phase of slow wave potentials

activity builds up to reach threshold and generate several AP

slow wave potentials allows the muscles to do what

contract slowly and prolonged

examples of slow wave potentials are

peristalsis of uterine contractions

what are the two types of smooth muscle

single and multi unit

where are single unit smooth muscles located

walls of hollow organs

where are multi unit smooth muscle located

walls of large BV, small airways to lungs, ciliary muscles, iris, base of hair follicles

function of single unit

squeeze hollow organs (moves chyme)

function of multi unit

change size of airways/BV/pupil or shape of lens

does smooth muscles use troponin or tropomyosin

no

where is Ca released from in smooth muscles

ECF

where is Ca reuptaken in smooth muscles

CaATPase on sarcolemma, Ca/Na counter transport on sarcolemma, Ca ATPase on SR

which unit has gap junctions

single unit

which unit is myogenic

single unit

which unit is neurogenic

multi unit

are smooth muscles voluntary or involuntary

involuntary

what are neurons released by in smooth muscles

variscosities

how are thin and thick filaments arranged in smooth muscles

diagonally meaning unstriated

when smooth muscles contract what happens

pulls each side closer to dense bodies

when smooth muscles are in its contracted state what happens

organ bulges

what prevents myosin head from binding to actin in smooth muscles

Ca binds to calmodulin which then activates myosin light chain kinase which phosphorylates the myosin head then forms a crossbridge

where does most of the cystolic Ca come from in smooth muscles

ECF

1st step to relax smooth muscles

move ca back into the ECF through Ca ATPase on sarcolemma and through Ca ATPase on SR

2nd step to relax smooth muscles

Ca/Na counter transport on the sarcolemma to remove Ca from the sarcoplasm into the ECF

what is functional satium

want those muscles to act as a single unit

location of cardiac muscle

heart

fucntion of cardiac muscle

create heartbeat

is cardiac muscle voluntary or involuntary

involuntary

does cardiac muscle use troponin and. tropomyosin

yes

where is Ca released form in cardiac muscles

ECF, SR

how is Ca reuptaken in cardiac muscles

Ca/Na counter transport on sarcolemma, Ca-ATPase on SR

do cardiac muscles have gap junctions

yes

are cardiac muscles neurogenic or myogenic

myogenic

do cardiac muscles have pacemaker potentials

yes

do cardiac muscles have cardiac potentials

yes