Resource Security

UK Energy Mix

• 40% Gas

• 35% oil

• 8% wind

Iceland Energy Mix

• 60% Hydropower

• 25% Geothermal

• 13% Oil

China Energy Mix

• 55% coal

• 19% oil

• 7.8% Hydropower

France’s Energy Mix

• 37% Nuclear

• 31% Oil

• 17% gas

What is the new discovery in the North sea? What did the UK do?

In 2015, a Danish TNC discovered the biggest gas field in 10 years. The UK invested £3B for it to supply 5% of UK Gas

What did the UK do on fracking? When

2019 Ban

What power plant will provide how many jobs?

Sizewell C Power Plant will provide 10,000 jobs

How much will the Sizewell c power plant cost of what?

£14B of tax payer money

How many homes will what power plant in wales power?

Wlyfa Plant will power 3M homes

What is the UKs energy policy built on, and why?

2008 energy act means that the UK energy policy is built on reducing Co2 emissions

What did innocent do that helped to cut farmers water use by how much?

Made an app that calculated optimal irrigation times. This helped reduce water use by 40%

What is Walkers doing to cut energy and water use?

• Potatoes are 80% water so using this evaporated water

• 100% renewable energy in factory → tried to become off grid using fuel made from waste but no yet achieved

What do CHP systems reduce by how much? What is the problem with them?

they reduce emissions by 30% and costs by 20% but loose 1/3 of energy

How much is the fish catch in the Aswan dam a year?

25,000 tonnes per year

What’s happened to the Aswan dam’s HEP power

used to provide ½ of electricity but now it only provides 1/10 → due to increasing demand

What happened of the Egyptian coast due to the building of the Aswan dam?

the sardine catch is only half of what it used to be pre dam

How much has the STN water transfer in China cost?

$70B

How much water will China’s STN project transfer?

44billion m³ of water/year

How many cities will China’s STN water transfer project provide with water

20 cities

How many people will China’s STN water transfer project benefit

100M people

what did the creation of what reservoir for China’s STN water transfer project do?

forced 350,000 people out, with no compensation

What’s an example of water insecurity created by China’s STN water transfer project?

the 2010-11 drought significantly reduced China’s wheat yields

What’s an example of desalination?

East London desalination plant provides water for 400,000 households

What could the Grand Renaissance dam do to river flow?

a 2017 US study suggested that it could restrict river flow by 25% downstream

What would the Grand Renaissance dam do to electricity output?

Double Ethiopia’s electricity output (pre dam ¾ were in the dark)

What are the environmental impacts of industry on China’s Yellow River

• 2/3rds is to polluted to drunk

• 30% of the fish have become extinct

By how much did the aquifers in Kaladera, India drop, when?

Dropped by 480 feet after the 1999 bottling plant was created

What had to happen for Cape Town to reach day 0?

Reservoirs had to fall to below 13.5%

Why was Cape Town at risk for day 0?

3 very dry winters

population growth

What was personal water use limited to in Cape Town? What would it be if day 0 was reached?

limited to 30L, 25L in day zero

System leaks were reduced from ___ to ___ in Cape Town

from 25% to 13%

How much were people fined in Cape Town for not following the rules?

up to £500

What was introduced at Cape Town schools that reduced water use by what?

Smart water metres were introduced that reduced school water usage by 1M litres a day

What did industrial water quotas in Cape Town do?

Reduced industrial water use by 65%

What was Cape Town’s water supply made up of? What did they want to change it to?

Was 96% surface water, they wanted to diversify the supply and reduce surface water use to 75% and get 11% from desalination, 7% from groundwater and 7% from reuse

What was the issue with desalination in Cape Town?

It cost $100M a day to supply only 300,000

How much did Gazprom make of Global gas supply?

15%

How much of Gazprom is owned by the govt?

50%

How much of Russia’s budget does Gazprom make up?

40%

How much of Germany’s Gas supply was from Gazprom pre 2022?

was 55%

How much did the Nord Stream 2 cost?

$11B

How much have gas prices risen since 2022?

by 250%, 10x the average levels in some areas

What has happened to BP profits since the Iran War

Announced that their profits have more than doubled