EMT Final concepts

Upper Airway

1. Snoring: tongue obstruction

2. stridor: sweeling or partial/mild FBAO

3. gurgling: fluid—> suction

Lower airway

1. crackles/rales: fluid

2. wheezing: bronchoconstriction

3. rhonchi: obstruction in larger airways (such as bronchi)

BVM SKILL

1. BSI/PPE/SS

2. AVPU

3. ALS/AED

4. Pulse and Breathing

5. Open Airway

6. Clear Airway

7. Maintain Airway

8. 2 rescue breaths

9. recheck pulse an dbreathing

10. ventilate with oxygen

When should you do JTM vs HTCL

HTCL: everyone else whose airway is not patent

JTM: actual or suspected c-spine injury

When should use use OPA vs NPA

OPA: unresponsive pts without a gag reflex

NPA: semiconcious pts who don’t have head trauma or when we can’t use an OPA

Ventilation

physical moving of air in and out of lungs

respiration

gas exchange

residual volume

air left in lungs after max exhale; prevents alveoli form collapsing

Tidal volume:

air ventilated per breath

The flow of the heart

1. Body

2. RA

3. Tri vlave

4. RV

5. PV

6. PA

7. PC

8. PV

9. LA

10. BV

11. LV

12. body

Blood composition

1. Plasma: fluid

2. Red blood cells (erythrocytes): transport oxygen

3. White blood cells (leukocytes): immune system

4. Platelets (thrombocytes): clots